Zar A Business Strategy And The Brand Image - 1706 Words

Under the hard economic times in which the world is currently locked, one would be forgiven to expect that fashion is the last thing on people s mind, especially the young and the middle-class. This is a population considered as low income and would spend much of their finances in other needs rather than fashion. However, Zara, a Spanish retail fashion giant, has achieved just that by providing clothing and fashion at an affordable price for those conscious of fashion. Zara has made a business out of promoting people to wear fashionable clothes and purchasing them at prices they can afford at Zara stores. The company has enjoyed success in the textile industry owing to its unique business strategy and the brand image. Among many clothing retailers, up to date fashion clothes, affordable prices, fast operations, and brand culture are the main reasons that have enabled the company stays ahead of the pack in the fashion industry. Zara prides itself as the leading world retailer of up to date fashion. In its consumer model, the business views the customer as fashion conscious and keen shopper who would like to spot the latest in fashion at an affordable price to keep the trend going. Zara has its beginnings in Coluna, Spain where the first shop opened targeted consumers conscious of the fashion but put away with prices at most fashion retailers (Adage.com). This indicates the fact that Zara, as a brand, had set itself early in the beginnings as a place to visit for the latestShow MoreRelatedGlobalization of South Africa8279 Words   |  34 Pagesmanufacturers and financial institutions. Multinational companies also have branched in SA because it is a beachhead for the Africa and takes 70% of African trade. The Government also supports the infrastructure and gives a tax benefit for better business environment. On top of that, now SA is facing a huge opportunity, the 2010 FIFA world cup. Consequently, SA will b e getting globalization and continuous efforts are needed at the country in order to attract significant investment flows and improveRead MoreMarketing Strategies of Godrej6674 Words   |  27 PagesGodrej Marketing strategies of Godrej UNIT-1 INTRODUCTION Marketing is defined by American Marketing Association [AMA] as â€Å"the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large.† Broadly â€Å"marketing is a social and managerial process by which individuals and organizations obtain what they want through creating and exchanging value with others.† Marketing has alwaysRead MoreBusiness Plan for Point Footwear Manufacturing Distribution5149 Words   |  21 PagesDepartment of Management Studies MBA Programme Business Plan for POINT footwear manufacturing and distribution Submitted by : Nay Zar Myo Roll No : 36 15th Batch MBA Plan Outline 1. Executive Summary 2. Company Summary 3. Products 4. Market Analysis Summary i. Market Segmentation ii. Distribution Strategy iii. Market Trends 5. Competition and Buying Patterns Competitive Edge 6. Strategy and Implementation Summary Sales Strategy 7. Management Summary 8. Financial Plan i.Read MoreCellc South Africa - Marketing15638 Words   |  63 Pages2000 According to the online article Market segmentation means good business, this process in indeed a very precise one. Involving looking as well as analyzing particular markets consumers is found to be within. After which they are divided in to segments, according to variables. This segmentation marketing method has proven to increase profits, as well as how the business plans to formulate an appropriate retention strategy for its customer base. This ensures that maximum time an effort is focussed

Is Lolita a Love Story or Pornography - 3043 Words

Is Lolita a Love story or pornography? Is it Moral or Immoral? Lolita, the dramatic story of the main character, Humbert Humbert and the twelve and a half year old Lolita is the most controversial and greatest masterpiece created by the Russian writer Vladimir Nabokov. Lolita is a full-blown psychological novel, a detective novel, a confessional novel, a Doppelgà ¤nger Tale, an extended allegory for artistic process a sexual myth, more complicated and mysterious than comparable to Freudian stereotypes, even a fable with correspondence to the little red riding hood story. Nabokov possesses the power to enchant the reader with an enormous variety of beautiful language and structure. By creating word plays he enables H.H. to convince†¦show more content†¦At this point in the novel the reader does not know of what or that Humbert is guilty of anything. Through his gentle tone, elaborate language and romantic sense Humbert appears as a prince in a fairy, the definite hero. The reader almost believes Humberts position in court to be accidental, as he seems incondemnable. Lolita makes the first approach to intercourse in the novel on page 133 when she suggests that they play a game. Importantly Lolita views it as game she and Charlie had played. Humbert states she saw the stark act merely as a part of a youngsters furtive world unknown to adults. What adults did for purposes of procreation was no business of hers. This comic description shows Lolitas naivetà © as well as the lack of connection she has to the game. There is no passion on her part proven by the kiss being described as having some rather comical refinements of flutter and probe which made me conclude she had been coached at an early age by a little Lesbian. In addition Lolita suggests having sex but is taken aback when he nuzzles her shoulder. It was very curious the way she considered and kept doing so for a long time all caresses except kisses on the mouth or the stark act of love either romantic slosh or abnormal. Her disengagement in everything surrounding the act itself signals her youth and inexperience as well as lack of interest in Humbert as a person. She proceeds handling theShow MoreRelated Lolita Essay1469 Words   |  6 Pages Vladimir Nabokov’s Lolita When Vladimir Nabokov finished writing the novel Lolita he knew the explosive subject matter that he was now holding in his hands. After being turned down by publishing houses on numerous occasions to unleash his controversial story to the public, it was finally published by the French in 1955. Many critics were shocked and called it pornography while others praised his work. How could a pure thinking author conjugate ideas on issues so dark and depraved? What were hisRead Moreï » ¿Does Nabokov’s ‘Lolita’ have any canonical value?1325 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Does Nabokov’s ‘Lolita’ have any canonical value? The literary canon is the group of texts considered to be of the most value. These are books which are generally taught in schools, colleges and universities. Authors that belong to the canon seem to follow certain characteristics; middle or upper class, white male authors who are dead. Writers such as Shakespeare, Milton and Chaucer are synonymous with the canon and also follow these characteristics. Vladimir Nabokov follows most of theseRead MoreEssay on Defining Lolita: the Novel and the Name2268 Words   |  10 PagesDefining Lolita: the Novel and the Name In his essay, On a Novel Entitled Lolita, Vladimir Nabokov tries to answer the age-old question, What is the objective of the novel? He quickly replies, ...I happen to be the kind of author who in starting to work on a book has no other purpose than to get rid of that book... (311). There is more to his response than this, however. He goes on to say that his book was not written to celebrate pornography or pedophilia, nor was it written to promoteRead MoreLolita3026 Words   |  13 PagesA Love Story: Or Is It? â€Å"Lolita, light of my life, fire of my loins, my sin, my soul† (Nabokov 9). Quoted from Vladimir Nabokov’s novel Lolita, Humbert Humbert briefly describes his sensibilities towards his love Lolita. I’ve italicized love for the reason that this book is perceived often as not a true American love story but as a pedophile’s lust. The reasoning for the italicization is because I wanted to emphasis on the point that this book offers more than that of a pedophile’s love. Nabokov’sRead MoreThe Effects Of Pedophilia On The Modern World1578 Words   |  7 Pagespoorly-regarded members of society. Definitions Pedophilia is one of the many paraphilias, or feelings of sexual arousal in response to atypical objects or circumstances. Pedophilia comes from the Greek roots â€Å"paà ®s, paidà ³s† (child) and â€Å"philia† (brotherly love). Pedophilia is defined in the ICD-10 as â€Å"a persistent or a predominant preference for sexual activity with a prepubescent child or children†, with the caveat that â€Å"the person is at least 16 years old and at least five years older than the child orRead More Lolita Essay4884 Words   |  20 Pages De-victimizing Lolita: Removing Emotion from the Classroom Abstract: This paper focuses on Vladimir Nabokov’s novel Lolita. Specifically the argument discusses the need for reform within the classroom setting regarding student reaction and interpretation to the text. Class discussion involving Lolita tends to fall under a blanket of socially constructed presumptions that lend the discussion toward a shallow and judgmental reading of the text, and this tendency limits the discussion. This paperRead MoreChild Beauty Pageants2587 Words   |  11 Pagesthe 1996 sexual molestation and murder of JonBenet Ramsey. There are many movies, such as â€Å"Lolita† and â€Å"Pretty Baby,† that portray young girls as being involved in sexual situations with older men. This leads to young girls growing up to believe this is acceptable. What makes this article different is that it does not revolve around beauty pageants, but around the media and its involvement in child pornography and exploitation of girls at a young age. Hollywood and the likes, â€Å"engage in massive pimping

Taxation Tasks Essay Free Essays

1 ) Patty owned Patty’s Cakes in Jacksonville. Florida. She sold her concern to Fruity’s. We will write a custom essay sample on Taxation Tasks Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Inc. a national pastry company. There was a non-compete understanding in the contract for the sale of her concern. In the non-compete. Patty agreed non to work in any capacity in the nutrient industry for 10 old ages on the full E seashore. A tribunal would probably find that the non-compete understanding a ) violates federal jurisprudenceB ) is unenforceabledegree Celsius ) is enforceablevitamin D ) both A and B 2 ) A liability that may widen from an employee to the employer if the employee is moving within the range of his or her employment at the clip the liability arose is called: a ) vicarious liabilityB ) employee liabilitydegree Celsius ) employer liabilityvitamin D ) adverse liability 3 ) A individual who contracts with a principal to execute a undertaking harmonizing to her or his ain methods. and who is non under the principal’s control sing the physical inside informations of the work is called a/an: a ) Contingent workerB ) Temporary workerdegree Celsiuss ) Independent contractorvitamin D ) All of the above 4 ) Benita works as a nursing helper in a retirement place run by Cottonwood Care Centers. a national operator of installations supplying attention for the aged. Benita works 53 hours a hebdomad. After looking at her paysheet stubs for the past 6 months. she concludes that she has non received sufficient overtime wage. She complains to her supervisor but the company takes no action. a ) Benita can convey a ailment to the National Labor Relations Board under the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 ( FLSA )B ) Benita can convey a ailment to the U. S. Department of Labor. under the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 ( FLSA )degree Celsius ) Benita can convey a ailment to the U. S. Department of Labor. under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 ( ERISA ) .vitamin D ) Benita can convey a ailment to the U. S. Department of Labor. under Executive Order 11246 5 ) Ling often stocks shelves for Ace’s Market on an as needful footing. Ace pays Ling $ 5 per shelf. One twenty-four hours Ling falls off a broken ladder while carrying a shelf. Line is earnestly injured: a ) If Ling is determined to be an independent contractor. he is eligible for workers’ compensationB ) If Ling is determined to be an employee. he is eligible for workers’ compensationdegree Celsius ) Ling is eligible for workers’ compensation whether he is an employee or an independent contractorvitamin D ) None of the above 6 ) ABC. Inc. solicited commands from assorted independent contractors to landscape the evidences of its new office composite. Drew. caput of installations direction told Patty. his secretary. that he would non accept any commands from Latino contractors. Drew explained that he would authorise engaging lone American contractors to work on the evidences. A Latino contractor brings a case against ABC for favoritisms. a ) Drew’s refusal to engage Latino companies is a misdemeanor of the Independent Contractors Act of 2006.B ) Drew’s refusal to engage Latino companies is a misdemeanor of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Actdegree Celsius ) The Latino contractor can non predominate in a favoritism instance because John’s conversation with his secretary is confidential and can non be used as grounds.vitamin D ) Drew’s refusal to engage Latino companies is non a misdemeanor of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act because that jurisprudence does non cover favoritism against independent contractors. 7 ) BRC Partners is a confer withing house. Sam and Arnie are analysts for BRC. Sam was hired as an employee and Arnie was hired as an independent contractor. They both work in the same BRC office under the same supervisor. They both must work Monday through Friday during the criterion concern hours. Both are required to describe to hebdomadal staff meetings. Sam is paid a wage and the proper federal and province revenue enhancement withholdings are made. Arnie does non have benefits like retirement and wellness insurance and his is paid by the undertaking with no federal and province withholdings. Arnie signed a contract that clearly stated he was an independent contractor and non an employee. a ) BRC has decently classified Arnie as an independent contractorB ) BRC has improperly classified Arnie as an independent contractordegree Celsius ) BRC has improperly classified Arnie as an independent contractor. nevertheless. its contract with Arnie is adhering and BRC will hold no liability under federal or province jurisprudence for the misclassification. vitamin D ) BRC has improperly classified Arnie as a independent contractor. nevertheless. its contract with Arnie is adhering and BRC will hold no liability under federal and province jurisprudence for the misclassification. but Arnie will hold liability under federal and province jurisprudence. 8 ) Pilar is hired by Axel. Inc. as an independent contractor. To avoid a finding by the IRS that Pilar has been misclassified as an independent contractor. Axel should: a ) provide preparation to PilarB ) wage her by the hrdegree Celsiuss ) pay FICAvitamin D ) none of the above 9 ) Clarence works as an independent contractor for the jurisprudence house of Kafka. Rivera and Grisham. a ) Clarence will be responsible for doing payments for his Social Security ( FICA ) . estimated federal income revenue enhancement payments. estimated province income revenue enhancement payments and Medicare.B ) Clarence will be responsible for doing payments for his FICA and Medicare and the jurisprudence house will be responsible for keep backing paysheet tax write-offs for his federal and province income revenue enhancements.degree Celsius ) Clarence will be responsible for doing payments for his Social Security ( FICA ) and Medicare. but the jurisprudence house will be responsible for doing estimated federal income revenue enhancement payments. estimated province income revenue enhancement payments for him. vitamin D ) Clarence will be responsible for doing payments for his Social Security ( FICA ) . keep backing tax write-offs for his federal and province income revenue enhancements and Medicare. 10 ) Which of the followers is non covered by the EEOC’s definition of contingent worker? a ) an employee hired through a staffing houseB ) a impermanent. seasonal. or parttime workerdegree Celsius ) an appliervitamin D ) an independent contractor How to cite Taxation Tasks Essay, Essay examples

Tax Residency Status Period Commencing

Question: Describe about the Tax Residency Status for Period Commencing. Answer: Issue The relevant issue in the case is to opine on the tax residency status of Joan for the period commencing from January 2014 until her return to Australia in July 2016. Further, the implications of the tax residency status on the respective tax obligations also need to be highlighted. Relevant Law The subject of tax residency is dealt with in Section 6(1), ITAA 1936 which narrates the various test for the residency determination of individuals which have been elaborately explained in the tax ruling TR 98/17 (ATO, 1998). The tax residency determination is significant as in accordance with Section 6-5(2), ITAA 1997, for Australian tax residents, income from all sources (irrespective of the fact that it may be generated domestically or from abroad) would be considered for taxable income computation (Barkoczy, 2016). The relevant legislation and relevant ruling suggests that namely four tests may be applicable for tax residency determination as outlined below (Nethercott, Richardson Devos, 2016). Domicile Test Normal Test of Residency 183 day test Superannuation Test The relevant test from the above are discussed above. Domicile Test The domicile test is used for the tax residency determination of Australian residents. The essential conditions that the given taxpayer needs to comply within the given assessment year are highlighted below (Woellner, 2014). The taxpayer must be a holder of Australian domicile in a manner sanctioned under the Domicile Act 1982. Additionally, the permanent abode of the given taxpayer must be located within Australia at the time of assessment. The determination of domicile possession is a straight forward task with no ambiguity, however high subjectivity may be involved with regards to permanent abode location. In this regard, the critical factors to be taken into consideration for location determination are summarised below (ATO, 1991). The difference between the length of actual stay abroad compared to the intended stay duration abroad. The intent on taxpayers part to return to Australia after accomplishment of a defined task. The act of abandoning the residence in Australia. The act of establishing residence in a foreign country The continuity of the stay abroad along with the underlying duration. Further, as indicated by the verdict extended in the F.C. of T. v. Applegate (1979) 9 ATR 899 case, in the event the expected duration of stay is expected to be greater than 2 years, then for the period of stay abroad, the tax authorities tend to consider that the taxpayer has a permanent residence abroad even though there may be intention on taxpayers part to return to Australia at the completion of the obligation (Coleman et. al., 2016). Resides Test or Normal Test of Residency This test is primarily deployed for tax residency determination of foreign residents. This is primarily used for those individuals whose country of origin is not Australia but come to Australia for a variety of reasons. The underlying residency of these individuals is determined by considering the following factors (Barkoczy, 2016). Extent of significance for which taxpayer has come to Australia Extent of ties in various spheres such as professional and personal which taxpayer maintains in Australia Nature of social arrangement that the person has in place when in Australia. The stay duration in Australia and the visit frequency to country of origin during the assessment period. Fact and Application The relevant facts related to the given situation are outlined below. Joan is an Australian resident and works for an Australian company based out of Melbourne as the chief accountant. In January 2014, Joan is entrusted with the task of establishing a factory for the employer in Vietnam for which, she goes to Vietnam with her husband. However her son continued stay in the Melbourne located family home. The couple has intention to return to Australia post the establishment of factory which would take three to four years. Joans husband gets employment in Vietnam and also an apartment is leased for four years. Joan returned to Australia in January 2016 after which she went to a Europe trip for six months before returning to Australia in July, 2016. For the whole period i.e. from January 2014 to July 2016, the Australian domicile of Joan was intact as intention to return in Australia was always intact. Tax residency status FY2014 While the domicile condition is met being an Australian resident, but since Joans expected stay in Vietnam is expected to be longer than 2 years, hence it is fair to expect that there has been a shift in the permanent abode from Australia to Vietnam as apparent from IT 2650. Hence, for FY2014, Joan would be considered a foreign tax resident. Additional proof to this is provided by the fact that both have started socialising in Vietnam indicating the intent to stay in Vietnam for long. Tax residency status FY2015 While the domicile condition is met being an Australian resident, but since Joans expected stay in Vietnam is expected to be longer than 2 years, hence it is fair to expect that there has been a shift in the permanent abode from Australia to Vietnam as apparent from IT 2650. Also, Joans husband has found an employment in Vietnam only. Further, during the year Joan did not visit even once to Australia. Hence, for FY2015, Joan would be considered a foreign tax resident. Tax residency status FY2016 While the intended stay duration was 3 to 4 years, Joan finished her professional obligation earlier and returned in January 2016. Besides, considering the presence of son, job for Australian company and house in Melbourne, significant ties are maintained in Australia. The Europe trip of six months is done with the intent of a casual traveller since Joan keeps moving from one city to the other and hence this purpose is not significant. Thus, in line with the domicile test and the resides test, it would be fair to conclude that Joan for this year would be an Australian tax resident. Income tax implications For the period from January 1, 2014 to June 30, 2015, the employment income is derived from Vietnam and hence would not be taxable in Australia as per Section 6-5(3). However, as per Section 6-5(2), for FY2016, the employment income would be taxable in Australia. References ATO 1991, IT 2650, Australian Taxation Office, Available online from https://www.ato.gov.au/law/view/document?Docid=ITR/IT2650/NAT/ATO/00001 (Accessed on October 4, 2016) ATO 1998, TR 98/17, Australian Taxation Office, Available online from https://www.ato.gov.au/law/view/document?Docid=TXR/TR9817/NAT/ATO/00001 (Accessed on October 4, 2016) Barkoczy,S 2016,Foundation of Taxation Law 2015,8th eds., CCH Publications, North Ryde Coleman C, Hart G, Jogarajan S, Krever R McLaren J, Sadiq K 2016, 9th eds., Principles of Taxation Law, Thompson Reuters, Sydney Nethercott, L, Richardson, G Devos, K 2016, Australian Taxation Study Manual 2016, 4th ed., Oxford University Press, Sydney Woellner, R 2014, Australian taxation law 2014, 8th eds., CCH Australia, North Ryde

Effects of the Zoroastrianism Afterlife Scheme on their Ethical Teachings Essay Example

Effects of the Zoroastrianism Afterlife Scheme on their Ethical Teachings Paper For believers of Zoroastrianism, where a soul goes in the afterlife is determined by a balance between good and bad deeds.   The good deeds of a person have to outweigh his bad deeds for him/her to be able to enjoy ‘heaven’ in the afterlife.   For those whose deeds weight out equally, there is some kind of purgatory or mid-level where they are sent, considering that in Zoroastrianism, there are various levels in hell.   Bad deeds can be cleansed by way of confession or by the transfer of supererogatory merits; hence, leeway is left for human weakness. Based on this concept of the afterlife, it would be safe to say that Zoroastrianism teachings focus on people having to collect more good deeds than bad deeds while they are still alive.   As is with other religions, believers of Zoroastrianism, focus their energies on committing good deeds.   There is a catch to this, however, that may affect how believers live their life.   There is a very real possibility that believers would still commit bad deeds with the confidence that if they commit enough good deeds, their bad deeds would still be outweighed.   Their teachings of dualism, where there is a fight between good and evil, and where the triumph of good is always assured, adds to this concept of balancing between good and bad.   In other words, no matter how many bad deeds you commit, you can still enter heaven as long as you commit enough good deeds to gain entrance.   There is one thing of note in this particular concept though, who counts how many good or bad deeds o ne has committed?   Is there any way of knowing if your good deeds have already outweighed your bad deeds?   Despite the focus of Zoroastrianism teachings on the collection of good deeds, there is no disputing the possibility We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of the Zoroastrianism Afterlife Scheme on their Ethical Teachings specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of the Zoroastrianism Afterlife Scheme on their Ethical Teachings specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of the Zoroastrianism Afterlife Scheme on their Ethical Teachings specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Effects of the  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   3 that people will tend to manipulate and abuse this religion’s concept of the afterlife.   Zoroastrians focus on self-regulation in their teachings, and human as we are, there is always that possibility of going beyond these teachings or using these teachings as a scapegoat as most Christians do nowadays. Effects of the  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4 References Zoroastrianism Religion Facts. 20 Feb. 2009 http://www.religionfacts.com/zoroastrianism/index.htm.

KFC Case Analysis Essays

KFC Case Analysis Essays KFC Case Analysis Paper KFC Case Analysis Paper It is of critical importance that we develop a strong understanding of KFC’s current position and of the market in which it competes. The more comprehensive and well-founded our situational analysis is, the stronger our strategic marketing plan will be. I. The character and attractiveness of the U. S. food service and fast-food industries in 1994 The fast-food industry is considered a subsection of the food service industry, or rather a submarket within a broader market. This broader industry, the US food service industry, is in what is known as the maturity stage. Typically, the maturity stage exemplifies the following characteristics: Sales continue but at slower pace. Competition leads to decreased market share or prices. Competing products become very similar and differentiating product becomes both crucial and more difficult As a result, firms need to place their efforts into encouraging competitors’ customers to switch to their product offering, increase usage per customer and even convert non-users into customers. At this stage, the primary goal of a given firm is to maintain market share. The food service industry, as is the fast-food industry, is typified by franchising which became well-established in the early 1950s. The concept held and in 1994 there were over 550, 000 restaurants and food outlets in America. Although the industry in 1994 was slowing, that is not to say that it was not growing. Food service industry sales were forecast to surpass $275 billion and this had grown at an estimated compound annual rate of 3. 9% from 1988 till 1994. This billion dollar industry is dominated by the fast-food and full service segments who commanded annual sales of $86 billion and $85. billion dollars respectively. The fast-food segment is prima facie, a very attractive one. Not only did the segment grow 5. 6%, outpacing almost all other food categories but its future is also promising with a forecast of 6. 3% growth in 1994. In addition, the share of industry sales by the fast-food industry has risen by 1. 8 years over the last 5 years showing market dominance and growth. When we consider the fast-food industry specifically, pizza, family restaurants and dinner houses are the winners if e assess growth. The chicken segment, in which KFC competes, grew only 4. 1% as demographics changed and the trend towards healthier eating gained momentum. Figure 1 illustrates the market share held by each of the fast-food categories. However, though there has been seemingly strong growth up until now, assessing market attractiveness inherently involves some element of forecasting as we need not only assess current attractiveness, but future scenarios as well. Consumer preferences in 1994 were changing. There was a move away from fried unhealthy food to healthier options As per the survey in 1994, consumers showed a desire for a greater variety of menu items In this time, consumers also began expecting greater value for their money. This will inevitably have implications on the price strategy pursued by a firm as it puts pressure on lowering price and developing a viable cost structure. Other things being equal, this detracts from market attractiveness as it presents new and problematic challenges for current and potential competing firms. II. The major competitors for KFC KFC’s competitors can be considered in the context of consumers’ purchasing and consumption behaviours. The consumer segments can be classified depending on the benefits sought by the consumer. These benefits include the convenience of a fast food chain such as KFC, the satisfaction resulting from consumption and the attractive prices of the products. The success of the fast-food industry can be partly attributed to its universal appeal of convenience for the consumer in satisfying the basic physiological need for food. KFC’s competitors can be ranked accordingly. Figure ranks the competitors of KFC from the most to least direct competition. Other Fast Food Chains such as McDonalds and Popeyes can be seen as KFC’s biggest competitors in the market as it too, has the competitive advantage of convenience for the consumer. Take away can be seen as less convenient as the time required in attaining the food is greater than fast-food and there is often a need to pre-order to ensure reduced waiting time. Take away is followed by restaurants, and Frozen Dinners, as they are more inconvenient and time consuming. The most indirect competition is meals that have to be cooked at home. When we assess competition in light of taste, competition can be divided into several groups: Chicken Chains: Chains offering a large variety including fried chicken Upscale Chicken Chains Chains that offer other fried products If the consumer segment purchases KFC for reasons of predominantly taste, Chicken Chains such as Popeyes and Chick-A-Fillet would be appropriately considered KFC’s main competitors. However the variety offered by such competitors as McDonalds and Hardees can not only satisfy the needs of the consumers that prefer fried chicken but also those with different preferences. Indirectly KFC is also competing with Fast Food Chains that do not offer fried chicken but does offer other fried products. The strong competition faced by KFC in the market of Fast Food, show that organisations such as McDonalds as the greatest threat. The distribution network of McDonalds and their large variety of meal offering quickly appeals to families. McDonalds offering of Value Meals and lower pricing strategy makes McDonalds an even larger threat to KFC in the market. III. The critical issues faced in 1994 In 1994, KFC Brand Development President Kyle Craig and KFC-USA were faced with several critical issues regarding the growth and development of KFC. Craig expressed that his main concern for KFC was the company’s ability to handle change in the future. However, there were many issues present that affected various aspects of KFC’s corporation, competition and customer. There were numerous critical issues that involved the KFC corporation. One of these issues was the growth of international operations and declining domestic restaurant construction. The expansion of free-standing restaurants was seen as particularly difficult due to the availability of sites and the cost of construction. Another issue affecting the corporation was that of store refurbishment. Due to the age of many KFC restaurants, the expenditure of significant financial resources was required to refurbish and update these older restaurants. Refurbishments were also required to accommodate consumer demand for faster service that included drive through and dine-in options. At the beginning of 1994, Craig noted that limited menu options and significant service problems presented considerable concerns for the business. The limited menu options would owe largely to changing consumer demands and the inability for KFC to stay current and focused. However, the service problems, which partly stem from the outdated systems and facilities in place at KFC, could be largely attributable to the takeover of KFC by PepsiCo in 1986. After acquiring KFC, PepsiCo set about restructuring the KFC organisation, reducing staff numbers and replacing KFC personnel with managers from PepsiCo. The culture at PepsiCo, which was characterised by performance, accountability and the drive for promotion, starkly contrasted the traditional KFC philosophy, which emphasised life-time employment, independence and a relaxed atmosphere. Conflict arose due to the differing organisational cultures and corporate restructuring resulted in morale issues for KFC employees. Employee morale would therefore present itself as a primary critical issue for Craig and KFC as feelings of uncertainty and the pressure to perform essentially hinder the quality of service provided. One other critical issue Craig and KFC were faced with regarding the corporation was that of product distribution and growing the KFC brand domestically. Domestic restaurant growth had slowed in the five years prior to 1994, largely due to the financial expenditure required to build traditional free-standing restaurants. Craig and KFC also faced difficulties with their franchise operations. Difficulties with franchises arose due to two issues. Expansion of franchise location due to contract stipulations was one issue (no new KFC units could be built within a 1. 5 mile radius of an existing KFC store). Where franchise owners had once felt independent of the reign of the corporation (this ultimately led to a stronger sense of devotion to the KFC organisation), new PepsiCo management emphasised tighter control over day-to-day operations, which angered many franchise owners. Some other critical issues that Craig and KFC faced involved meeting the demands of consumers and understanding new, niche consumer markets. By 1994, consumer expectations of the fast-food industry demanded -the provision of quick and efficient service -a greater variety of menu items -value for money -that fast food be available at more non-traditional outlets, for example, airports. Another issue faced by KFC was appealing to the needs of a more health conscious consumer, which would involve adding healthier products options to their menus. Critical issues that involved KFC’s competitors largely revolved around the menu items of various fast-food chains. Throughout the late 1980s, most of KFC’s competition was limited to other fast food chains that offered fried chicken. However, by 1994, KFC faced competition from non-fried chicken chains, primarily the sandwich chains, who had introduced fried chicken products to their menus. This issue was of great importance for Craig and KFC, as it meant they lost business to other fast food chains offering a greater variety of food items across a range of food segments. Another issue faced by Craig and KFC was the addition of new, upscale chicken chains to the market (for example, Boston Chicken and Kenny Roger’s Roasters). These new chains targeted a market niche not previously pursued by KFC, being higher income customers and health conscious customers. Essentially, in 1994, Kyle Craig and KFC-USA were faced with the problem of making the transition from an ‘old’ KFC to a ‘new’ KFC. Any business strategy to be formulated from there on needed to focus largely on the consumer. This would mean encompassing current consumer demands for healthier food options at lower prices, greater variety in food selection and a higher level of service and cleanliness in a greater variety of locations. IV. The industry’s key success factors The key factor within the fast food industry is convenience, and it is this that becomes the common denominator for all other factors in the overall managerial and marketing strategy behind fast food franchises. Pricing: Cheap pricing – appeals to younger demographic and general price perceptions (price aversion) of consumers. The cheap pricing is also implicitly reflective of fast efficient and convenient service as consumers expect less quality and care in their service for the money they have paid. Location: Popularity and breadth of franchising shows importance of location to securing market share. While fast food outlets were originally stores with drive-thru and dine-in facilities, they are becoming ever more prevalent in food courts and in the central business districts. Essentially this means that placing outlets within close locality of people ensures greater convenience. Speed and style of service/delivery: In survey 48% of the subjects said being in a hurry or wanting fast service as major factor in their choice. This means that there is a lower emphasis on the quality of the service offered as long as it is fast and efficient. Fast-food outlets offer drive-thru and home delivery so that customers can purchase their meal with minimal effort. Quality and Variety: Although customers do not expect great quality as the trade-off for fast, convenient service and a low price, they are becoming increasing demanding for a greater variety of foods to choose from. Franchises like McDonalds offer a wide range of foods from healthy options, vegetarian, chicken, beef and fish meals. It is McDonald’s ability to combine variety with convenience is one of the key factors behind its great success in the industry. Demography: Dominant growth of family restaurant chains and dinner houses is attributable changing demographic – move towards over 65s who eat out less often and tend to spend more time eating their meal, prefer sit-down restaurants and are more likely to choose more upscale restaurants such as dinner houses. Studies have shown that the 18-24 age group consume around 5 meals away from home compared to the rest of consumers-proving that they are a valuable component of the food-service industry. Essentially, the food service industry has developed itself to be highly compatible with that of the American lifestyle. Consumers are expecting more for less cost and the fast food industry has provided exactly this, cheap food for fast efficient service, a wide variety of choice that is of ever-increasing quality. V. Recommendations for KFC KFC has been around for a long time spanning over some five decades over which it has gained a strong foothold in the fast-food industry. As the market leader in fried chicken, it can be safe to conclude that KFC is in the maturity stage in the product life cycle. While it currently maintains a dominating presence in the industry, changes in consumer preferences, the entry of new fast food chains and their increasingly out-of-date marketing system threatens to send KFC into the decline stage of the Product Life Cycle unless the organisation takes on certain changes that keep KFC up to date with the current market. The recommendations for change can be directly correlated with the critical issues that KFC faces and are best analysed through the â€Å"4 Ps†, or product, price, placement and promotion, and the â€Å"3 Cs†, or rather competitor, consumer and corporation. Note however that there is significant overlap with the two analyses and in our endeavour to avoid repetition, aspects appropriately discussed in both of the models will only be discussed in one at the exclusion of the other. (i) Product KFC’s primary product is fried chicken and the meals on offer rarely deviate far from this base. By offering fried chicken, KFC has made a niche in the fast-food market devoted completely to chicken and is currently the market leader. This is reflective of KFC’s position on the product life cycle graph at the maturity stage as they have gained a strong foothold in the industry and have to continuously remain competitive. Firstly looking into offering a greater variety of choices that spans across food groups outside of chicken may potentially be a viable option. Expanding the menu across a range of food groups enables KFC to gain a later share of the take-away market. Consumers often walk into stores seeking take away, not necessarily seeking fried chicken in particular so offering a larger range of take-away foods makes KFC a more likely contestant in the choice for dinner. Should KFC choose to remain with the core product of chicken, they can still look into various options of differentiation for their product. Firstly, healthy options would appeal to the ever growing health conscious sector. This could entail menu options such as grilled chicken or barbeque chicken. After seeing the success of the golden rotisserie chicken, one can fairly assume that these options can be potentially profitable. KFC also lacked in meal deals at the time of the article, whereas some take-away outlets offered value meals, KFC merely had products on offer individually, which goes against the core demand from customers- convenience. Offering meal deals enables customers to make quick choices on various meal combinations. This leads to the final product option, within the meal deals, KFC should look at â€Å"kids meals† because young children can potentially make up a large portion of the consumer base. Offering value meals with toys attracts the 2-12 year old age bracket and these types of offerings would KFC on par with other competitors. (ii) Placement As KFC continues along the maturity stage in the product life cycle, the need for well thought out placement of new stores and the refurbishment of existing restaurants comes to the forefront of the organisation’s issues because the organisation is in danger of slipping into decline if it is seen as outdated and inconvenient by consumers. KFC should start off with their conventional free-standing restaurant layout and improve on it. With the old outdated buildings, KFC would improve the outlook as well as the convenience factor in their existing stores. This can be achieved through the installation of more drive-thru and dine-in areas which will minimise overcrowding at the counter. This effectively reduces the service time and increases convenience both of which are key factors critical to the success of KFC in the Take-away market. KFC acknowledged the high cost and difficulty in locating land on which to build new free-standing restaurants. But, with convenience as the key factor, KFC can take this drawback as an opportunity and look at new ‘unconventional’ placements of their products. This can include airports, food courts within shopping malls and in the central business district amongst city buildings. (iii) Price KFC should take advantage of their position at the maturity stage in the product life cycle and offer competitive prices that form a barrier to entry of new competition while emphasising their dominance as the chicken market leader. While convenience is the primary factor for consideration with take-away, consumers are becoming increasingly demanding and expectations for lower prices must be met to maintain or gain market share. Once again, offering ‘meal deals’ creates a sense of â€Å"value† for customers while increasing convenience. (iv) Promotion The primary focus within the promotion should be on the kids meals and meal deals because both implicitly offer good monetary value and convenience. The promotion of the new meal deals could be through the use of coupons, television advertising, radio promotions and importantly, the internet, which would provide a convenient access point of promotion through which the organisation can run various competitions and surveys. Through the internet, KFC can gather information on their consumer base and gain increasing recognition for virtually no cost. Furthermore, becoming active in CSR projects is a good promotion tactic as it helps stop the alienation of big corporate giants like KFC from the public and thus increases its good reputation amongst the community. CSR also helps to boost the morale and strengthen the internal culture of an organisation. The 3 C’s (minus material covered above) KFC is faced with changing consumer expectations. Areas including the improvement of provision of quick and efficient service, a greater variety of menu items, and value for money and availability at more non-traditional outlets require KFC’s immediate and committed efforts to address the dynamic expectations of consumers. One major change must be effected within the corporation. PepsiCo needs to create a more supportive structure and environment for franchise owners, and a softer approach to human resource management to encourage franchise parent relationships and possible synergies. A better internal culture whereby management of different levels communicate and address problems, as opposed to viewing other management as competitors could promote efficiency within the organisation and boost morale within the organisation, and in turn productivity. The above is a detailed ‘snapshot’ of the environment in which KFC and the industry at large participated in 1994. It is clear that Kyle Craig and KFC-USA are faced with significant issues but these are not without the potential for innovation and growth. From this analysis, objectives, strategy and positions can be developed to ensure KFC remains the powerful player that it is.

What are the most important economic concepts that determine the Essay

What are the most important economic concepts that determine the structure of the construction industry - Essay Example nstruction industry, several factors of production are involved and they include, but are not limited to capital, raw materials, and labor (Myers, 2008). All the resources employed in the construction industry play a significant part towards the delivery of standardized and quality products. The allocation of the related resources to an activity is done based on the concept of increased efficiency and matching output levels. For example, the amount of labor available for a set project is subject to financial constraints as well as the availability of the labor in the market. Financial constraints dictate the price and cost of labor and as such, the construction industry is subject to external and internal forces. This introduces the second main economic concept concerned with the examination of external and internal constraints. External constraints or forces relate to outside influences, not in the control of the construction sector such as support services provided by banking and insurance institution (Myers, 2008). The construction sector relies to some extent on the availability of financial support in capital formation from banking institutions and has to develop its structures around financial requirements and standards. External support systems such as the access to insurance are important in the mitigation of the sector from probable risks. Risks in the sector vary according to the type of construction involved and the possible losses could have fatal financial as well as legal implications on the construction sector. However, external factors should not be viewed as limiting factors in the development of concrete structures in the construction sector, but as elements promoting the development of the construction sector. The internal forces influencing the structure of the construction sector are reliant on the allocation and distribution of scarce resources. The participants of the construction sector engage in continued evaluation of internal resources

Law discussions (2) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Law discussions (2) - Assignment Example Another element is offer, which every manager should know is a specifically, clearly asserted proposition (Margolies, 2007). A manager needs to have a complete understanding of the UCC in the state in which he or she conducts business. This is because the UCC is a detailed canon of laws that lead commercial dealings amongst states in the United States (Legal Information Institute, n.d.). Since managerial dealings involve borrowing funds, letting equipment, setting up contracts, and selling products and services, a clear picture of the UCC within the given state is mandatory to avoid legal mishaps. One practice managers in most industries can take to protect the privacy of their employees and customers is knowing the type and amount of personal data the business deals with (Foege, 2013). Secondly, knowing the organization’s duties and risks is essential mostly to employee privacy. A third practice is involving top management in building a privacy strategy for its staff and clients. Fourthly, forming a game plan that entails a privacy committee inside the organization is encouraged. Lastly, introducing oversight of the privacy program to customers and staff members is critical to their privacy (Foege, 2013). I see personal responsibility and accountability fitting into product liability in the sense that limited liability companies have a second cover of liability defense that shields the enterprise from any personal litigation that might affect it. Foege, A. (2013). 7 Best Privacy Practices for Companies Managing Customer Data. Data Informed. Retrieved from

Discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 14

Discussion - Assignment Example r to determine the admissibility for tax-exempt status the purpose in the corporate charter must be established, as well as, the way the company operates. Additionally, charitable institutions are exempted from sales and income tax, as well as, Ad valorem property tax. Charitable institutions are defined as institutions that do not have the capital, shareholders or capital stock. Additionally, they dispense help or charity to people who need and to people who apply for it. Charitable institutions do not make any profits or gains in a private sense to any individual who is connected to the institution. For charitable organizations to be exempted under the federal law, the institution must be operated and organized for charitable purposes. Additionally, none of the earnings made by the organization should insure for the purposes of benefiting the individual. For an organization to be exempted from tax the net earnings may not inure to the benefit of any corporation or individual. According to section 501 (c) (3) not all income tax is exempted, for example, in case the charity gets revenue from another business that are not related to charity then they are taxable. Therefore, the lessons I have learned from this module is that charity organizations are made for the benefit of helping people and in case they operate besides their charity work then their income is taxable. Additionally, property that is owned by the federal or state governmental hospitals is exempted from tax. In the case of Provena Covenant Medical Center V Department of Revenue, the medical center applied for tax-exempt status that was based on debt-collection amounts and tactics that the hospital offered. However, the Illinois Department of Revenue denied this application. On Appeal, the Supreme Court further denied the application on tax exemption stating that the Department of Illinois was correct in denying the religious and property tax exemptions because the hospital was charging uninsured

Differences Between Strict And Absolute Criminal Liability Law Essay

Differences Between Strict And Absolute Criminal Liability Law Essay In general, the criminal liability requires the proof of both actus reus and mens rea before convicting a person. When the necessity for the prosecution to prove mens rea (in the sense of intention, knowledge or recklessness, or even negligence) regarding the actus reus elements of the offence is disregarded, either expressly or impliedly, the offence in question is described as strict or absolute liability offence. What is the distinction (if any) between absolute and strict liability offences? Give examples of each. First, it determines what the prosecution must prove. Strict liability offences do not require proof of mens rea in respect of at least one element of the actus reus, usually the essential one. However, proof of mens rea may be required for some of the elements of the actus reus. Absolute liability offences do not require proof of any mens rea element, but are satisfied by proof of the actus reus only. Second, the distinction can be seen by examining the issue of causation In strict liability, the prosecution is required to prove the causation of the actus reus and the offence. In Empress Car Co (Abertillery) Ltd v National Rivers Authority [1998] HL, the lordship said that, While liability [for water pollution] is strict and therefore includes liability for certain deliberate acts of third parties à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ it is not an absolute liability in the sense that all that has to be shown is that the polluting matter escaped from the defendants land, irrespective of how this happened. It must still be possible to say that the defendant caused the pollution. In absolute liability, however, a crime may not require any causation link at all, if the specified state of affairs exists. In Winzar v Chief Constable of Kent (1983), the defendant was removed from a hospital by police and was then arrested and found guilty of being drunk on the highway, even though the police officers had put him there. The court held that it was enough to show that D had been present on the highway and was perceived to be drunk. It didnt matter that his presence on the highway was momentary and involuntary. Third, it determines what defences are available to the defendant Many academic papers differentiate strict and absolute liability offences by the availability of the defence of mistaken yet honest belief, a common law defence. Where they are available liability is strict, where it is not available liability is absolute. The situation is made complex in case where defence are provided in the statue for the defendant to escape liability. If common law defence is held by court to be excluded from the offence, does the provision of statutory defence disqualify the offence to be an absolute one? Or that it is the nature of the offence that automatically categorized the offence as absolute liability? In the case HKSAR and SO WAI LUN, the court of appeal has the opportunity to look into the case B (A Minor) v DPP, and made the following observation. Section 5 of the Sexual Offences Act 1956 made it an offence for a person to have unlawful sexual intercourse with a girl under 13 while section 6 made it an offence in relation to girls under 16. Under section 6, a defence was expressly set out where the defendant, provided he was under the age of 24, believed the girl to be 16 or over As to the effect of these two offences, Lord Steyn said at 469A B that since section 5 contained no such defence, it plainly created an offence of absolute liability. So the court is suggesting that unlawful underage sexual intercourse, a traditional well-known example of absolute liability, will not be considered as absolute liability per se in the present of statutory defence in the provision. This observation is reaffirmed in the recent case Hin Lin Yee v HKSAR by Judge Chan PJ in para. 198 (ii) and (iii). In other jurisdiction like Australia, the distinction of strict and absolute liability is even blurred by the fact that common law defence like duress and self defence can be available for absolute liability. How does one determine if an offence is one of strict or absolute liability? The question of whether a statutory offence requires proof of mens rea or is strict liability is treated as a matter of statutory construction, the statutory provision enacting the offence must be construed to determine the legislative intention. In Gammon (Hong Kong) LTD v A-G of Hong Kong [1985] PC, the lordship has summarized the approach to the interpretation: There is a presumption of law that mens rea is required before a person can be held guilty of a criminal offence. The presumption is particularly strong where the offences is truly criminal in character. Truly criminal offence usually refers those dealing with violence against persons or property. The presumption is particularly strong because of the stigma attached to the offence. The presumption applies to statutory offences, and can be displaced only if this is clearly or by necessary implication the effect of the statute. Sometimes the offence will expressly specify the type or level of mental fault by using words such as willfully, recklessly, carelessly, etc. In such cases, the court must then go on to define the precise meaning of those mens rea words. Where a statute is silent as to the mens rea for an offence, the courts must decide as a matter of general principle or statutory interpretation what level or type of mens rea applies. The only situation in which the presumption can be displaced is where the statute is concerned with an issue of social concern, and public safety is such as issue. Strict liability has often been imposed in regulatory offences concerning social concern and public safety, such as licensing, pollution, health and safety, driving offences, environmental offences, public health offences. Even where a statute is concerned with such an issue, the presumption of mens rea stands unless it can also be shown that the creation of strict liability will be effective to promote the objects of the statute by encouraging greater vigilance to prevent the commission of the prohibited act. In Lim Chin Aik v R, the defendant had been convicted under the immigration laws of Singapore by remaining there (after entry) when he had been prohibited of entering. The aim of the law was to prevent illegal immigration. The defendant had no knowledge of the prohibition order and there was no evidence that the authorities had attempted to bring the prohibition order to his notice. Since there was nothing D could have done to determine whether a order had been made against him and thus ensure compliance with the relevant legislation, the Privy Council ordered that the offence was not one of strict liability because it did nothing to promote enforcement of the law. What policies are behind the creation of absolute and strict liability? It is said that the imposition of strict liability encourages greater observance of and compliance with law, and this is particularly important where matters of public safety, public health and public welfare are concerned. High standards can be achieved and maintained only if those conducting activities involving risks to safety, health, the environment and so on are made to feel that it is not enough just to take reasonable care; they must take all possible care. Secondly, it is said that strict liability, by relieving the prosecution of the task of investigating and proving mens rea against an alleged offender, enhances the efficiency of our administrative and judicial systems. In HIN LIN YEE ANOR v HKSAR, Ribeiro PJ pointed out a reason in particular why absolute liability should be created. Absolute liability can impose duty on a person (which may be a corporate body) where the conduct or task which is the subject of the duty is in practice likely to be carried out by someone else, such as an employee or a contractor. It makes it insufficient for the employer passively to assert an honest and reasonable belief. It promotes proactive management and diligent supervision on his part to see that the duty is in fact being properly discharged. How do the concepts of absolute and strict liability assist or hinder the Prosecution, the Accused and the Court in a criminal trial? The concept assists the prosecution in a criminal trial since it relieves the prosecutor of the virtual impossibility of proving intent or knowledge of the wrongful conduct, particularly where the defendant was a company rather than an individual. No significant hindrance is observed for prosecution in regard to the application of concept. The concept assists the accused in a criminal trial since strict liability draw a clear line between legality and illegality, which may reduce the information cost for the general public to determine whether he is guilty or not. Unnecessary legal fee may also be saved in this regard. On the other hand, the concept hinders the accused in a criminal trial since it impose liability on people who have taken all possible steps to prevent the offence being committed and should not be blameworthy. The onus of proof is also reversed to the defendant side. The concept assists the court in a criminal trial since it allows the court to strike down the many bogus defense that would otherwise succeed if excusable ignorance or mistake were always accepted as defense. On the other hand, the concept hinders the court in a criminal trial since the courts need to engage in time consuming debates about whether the legislature intended strict or absolute liability to apply. The difficulties in identifying strict liability offences can be seen from the inconsistent attitude and decisions. Also, the court need to justify the creation of strict liability does not per see contravene with the Bill of Rights. [SO WAI LUN v HKSAR [2006] HKCU 1195]

Aristotle on Paideia of Principles :: Philosophy Philosophical Essays

Aristotle on Paideia of Principles ABSTRACT: Aristotle maintains that paideia enables one to judge the method used by a given speaker without judging the conclusions drawn as well (I.1 De Partibus Animalium). He contends that this "paideia of principles" requires three things: seeing that principles are not derived from one another; seeing that there is nothing before them within reason; and, seeing that they are the source of much knowledge. In order to grasp these principles, one must respectively learn to recognize what distinguishes the subject matters studied in different disciplines, see first principles as coming from experience and acquire the habit of seeking them in one’s experience and, finally, see first principles as being the source of conclusions. While the second and third points might at first seem to pertain to "nous" and science, respectively, rather than to paideia, the case can be made that paideia involves more of a firm grasp of principles than "nous" and a less perfect way of relating co nclusion to principles than science. Aristotle speaks explicitly of paideia of method, the most noteworthy passage being Bk. 1, c. 1 of The Parts of Animals. He also explicitly identifies certain thinkers as lacking paideia this sort of paideia. Paideia of method allows a person to judge the way a speaker is proceeding without for so much being able to judge his conclusions (639a15). What is less obvious is that Aristotle holds that there is paideia of principles. However, there is one passage which makes this fairly clear (NE 1098b5, cited below). In addition, careful examination of passages where Aristotle calls attention to judgments or misjudgments pertaining to paideia reveals that there is not one but many reasons for calling a method either good or bad, some of which reasons have to do with principles. This can be seen by contrasting the following two cases: Aristotle is critical of ethicists who insist on proceeding solely by demonstration because such rigor is inappropriate to ethical matters (NE 1094b20-28). However, the reason he criticizes Pythagoras for explaining moral virtue in terms of mathematical principles,(1) is that Pythagoras is starting from principles which are inadequate to explaining this matter. Of the two mistakes, that as to the starting point is plainly more serious. Every error as to starting point entails error as to one's subseque nt proceeding, but not vice versa. A principle is always a principle of something, and every method or orderly proceeding has a principle or starting point.

Kaleidoscope Strategy Resume Essay

Pursuing success can feel like shooting in a landscape of moving targets: Every time you hit one, five more pop up from another direction. We are under constant pressure to do more, get more, be more. But is that really what success is all about? Laura Nash and Howard Stevenson interviewed and surveyed hundreds of professionals to study the assumptions behind the idea of success. They then built a practical framework for a new way of thinking about success—a way that leads to personal and professional fulfillment instead of feelings of anxiety and stress. The authors’ research uncovered four irreducible components of success: 1.- happiness: (feelings of pleasure or contentment about your life); 2.- achievement (accomplishments that compare favorably against similar goals others have strived for); 3.- significance (the sense that you’ve made a positive impact on people you care about); and 4.- legacy (a way to establish your values or accomplishments so as to help others find future success). Unless you hit on all four categories with regularity, any one win will fail to satisfy. People who achieve lasting success, the authors learned, tend to rely on a kaleidoscope strategy to structure their aspirations and activities. This article explains how to build your own kaleidoscope framework. The process can help you determine which tasks you should undertake to fulfill the different components of success and uncover areas where there are holes. It can also help you make better choices about what you spend your time on and the level of energy you put into each activity. According to Nash and Stevenson, successful people who experience real satisfaction achieve it through the deliberate imposition of limits. Cultivating your sense of â€Å"just enough† can help you set reachable goals, tally up more true wins, and enjoy lasting.

Abstract for Literature review based on Dentists Knowledge of Ionising Radiation dental radiography. The WritePass Journal

Abstract for Literature review based on Dentists Knowledge of Ionising Radiation dental radiography. Abstract for literature review Abstract for Literature review based on Dentists Knowledge of Ionising Radiation dental radiography. ). More importantly, only a handful of studies have attempted to unveil the facts and current state of knowledge and awareness associated with detrimental effects of ionising radiation in Australian and Jordanian dentists. This study, through questionnaires and interviews, examined the dentists that are giving services in Australia and Jordan and assessed their knowledge of such effects that are linked with ionising radiations. The study was carried through intense literature review was carried out to collect the current background in the subject area and the findings of these studies were critically reviewed. Focus of the literature review was based upon the different factors, such as the complications of ionising radiation, complications in different age group people, preventive measures and the current state of knowledge in the dentists all around the globe. Praveen, et.al (2013) suggests that radiation in dentistry is mainly used for diagnostic purposes and in a dental set-up usually the practicing dentist exposes, processes and interprets the radiograph. Although the exposure to such radiation is kept as very less, it is essential to reduce the exposure to the minimum to the dental personnel and patients in order avoid the carcinogenic and organ damaging effects that can be produced by it.. Several radiation protection measures have been advocated to ameliorate these effects. Dose dependent radiation exposure was identified as a one of the key measures in limiting the use of ionising radiation. As suggested by White and Mallya (2012), wise selection of patients to treat with ionising radiation and implement patient-specific reason, which ensures greater benefits than the harms are the two easiest ways to tackle with the risks associated with ionising radiation. However, Ayatollahi et.al (2012) suggests that this practice is not adequately implemented in majority of the dental clinics. Secondly, the review identified children as most susceptible to radiation exposure. Preventive measures such as use of special radiation protection equipments and dose dependent exposure were suggested to be central in minimising the effects of ionising radiation in children in dental clinics. Moreover, it was suggested that knowledge of such risks in dentists can make a significant contribution in the improvement of safe dental practice, ensuring adequate safeguards of both patients and dentists. The literature came up with a conclusion that up to date and evidenced based knowledge is still lacking in dentist regarding the risks of radiation hazard. This will need re-educating and re-training the dentists, make them aware of ionising radiation risks, and make them able to answer any queries from patients about the risks of ionising radiations (Praveen, et.al. 2013). As part of the clinical practice, all dentists are required to undertake radiography as part of the clinical practice in which dentists and members of the dental team, must understand the basic principles of radiation physics, hazards and protection, and should be able to undertake dental radiography safely with the production of high quality, diagnostic images (Rout and Brown, 2012). Although the grey area that was identified was that, dentists are poorly informed on how to use medical imaging tools safely and efficiently. Furthermore, they are found to underestimate the radiation risk and their devastating effec ts in patients’ long term health. In addition, some of the studies revealed that despite some knowledge on the harmful effects of ionising radiation in patients, as well as in their own health, the knowledge of patient’s protection including the exposure distance and prevention of radiation leakage, protection of personnel, i.e. the occupational risk hazards of ionising radiation, dentists were reluctant to employ these safety measures in day to day practice (Rout and Brown, 2012)). Considering the context of this study, no research has evaluated Australian and Jordanian dentists’ knowledge on the risks associated with ionising radiation in the dental clinics; suggesting the importance and need to carry out this study. This puts patients of different age groups in significant risk of developing pathological conditions that are induced by the exposure to ionising radiation. Thus, designing a training module to teach dentists about radiation safety and risk is mandatory for safe dental health practice. This study provides insights into developing new strategies, policies and practices to minimise or even avoid such risks in the future. References Gray, C.F. 2010, Practice-based cone-beam computed tomography: a review,  Primary dental care : journal of the Faculty of General Dental Practitioners (UK),  vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 161-167. Lalla, R.V., Saunders, D.P. Peterson, D.E. 2014, Chemotherapy or radiation-induced oral mucositis,  Dental clinics of North America,  vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 341-349. Metsala, E., Henner, A. Ekholm, M. 2013, Quality assurance in digital dental imaging: a systematic review,  Acta Odontologica Scandinavica,  . Praveen, B.N., Shubhasini, A.R., Bhanushree, R., Sumsum, P.S. Sushma, C.N. 2013, Radiation in dental practice: awareness, protection and recommendations,  The journal of contemporary dental practice,  vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 143-148. Rout, J. Brown, J. 2012, Ionizing radiation regulations and the dental practitioner: 1. The nature of ionizing radiation and its use in dentistry,  Dental update,  vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 191-2, 195-8, 201-3. Verma, S.K., Maheshwari, S., Singh, R.K. Chaudhari, P.K. 2012, Laser in dentistry: An innovative tool in modern dental practice,  National journal of maxillofacial surgery,  vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 124-132. White, S.C. Mallya, S.M. 2012, Update on the biological effects of ionizing radiation, relative dose factors and radiation hygiene,  Australian Dental Journal,  vol. 57 Suppl 1, pp. 2-8.

Diagnosing and Treating Mental Disorders

Diagnosing and Treating Mental Disorders Free Online Research Papers Mood Disorders affect around forty four million Americans each year. Mental illnesses are the most common affecting mental health today. The two most common mental disorders being depression and bipolar disease. There are several factors in which researchers believe contribute to mental disorders. Some researchers believe that the most severe mood disorders are caused by imbalances in the brain’s chemical activity. Researchers also believe the environment can play a part in mood disorders and it may run in families. Some mood disorders may be easier to diagnose due to the symptoms that the patient is showing, while others may be a little more difficult and require more testing due to the mood disorder going unrecognized. The good news is that with the proper medication and psychotherapy a person afflicted with a mood disorder can go on and live a productive life. With mood disorders such as bipolar disease and depression being so prevalent in the United States, is there more we should be doing in regards to research to curtail the number of people of who are affected? Bipolar disease is a mood disorder which is defined by extreme mood swings and â€Å"regular† behavior. Researchers believe that this particular disorder runs in families. This mood disorder usually begins in a person’s middle twenties and last throughout their lives. If gone untreated this mood disorder has devastating effects like divorce, job loss, and possibly even suicide. Symptoms of this mood disorder are increased energy, less need for sleep, inflated self esteem and poor judgment among other things. It is really hard to diagnosis someone with this disorder unless they are given a full medical evaluation. There are no lab tests to diagnosis someone with bipolar disease. Effective treatments are available that greatly reduce the suffering caused by bipolar disorder, and can usually prevent its devastating complications. However, bipolar disorder is often not recognized by the patient, relatives, friends, or even physicians. People with bipolar disorder may suffer needlessly without proper treatment, for years or even decades. Also, many patients do not respond to at least one drug, and many show no response to several. This means that combination treatment is often the rule because a combination of different drugs with different methods of action can be more effective without increasing the risk of side effects. Lithium is still the most used drug overall in mania, but mood stabilizing anticonvulsants are also widely used† (Bipolar Disorder, 2007, para.3). Depression is a mood disorder described as a person’s feeling of sadness extending past a couple of weeks. Three to four million people in America are afflicted with disease which is more prominent in women. Researchers are still unsure which brain mechanisms actually cause this mood disorder. Depression affects a person’s appetite and sleeping patterns. The person may also lose interest in activities that they enjoyed before. The person will also experience suicidal thoughts and behaviors. To really diagnosis someone with depression they must display some of the above mentioned symptoms longer than two weeks. There are also different terms associated with these mood disorders. The term clinical depression means that an episode of depression shown from a person was so great that it requires medical treatment. There is major depression when the disorder is so great that a person is unable to get themselves out of bed. Finally there is seasonal affective disorder in which the disorder is associated with the seasonal changes in the amount of available daylight. A good example of this is when we turn our clocks back an hour in the Fall for Daylight Savings Time. There are several types of therapy available to help people with this disorder like: interpersonal therapy, behavioral therapy, and electroconvulsive therapy when small amounts of electricity are applied to the scalp to affect the neurotransmitters in the brain. Medications used to treat this particular mood disorder are: tricyclics, selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Mood disorders are serious mental illnesses which affect many people in the United States. The most common being bipolar disease and depression. The difference between the two is that bipolar disease cannot be diagnosed with a lab test; you have to have a complete medical evaluation to diagnosis this disorder. The sad part is that by the time you go for a medical examination you may of done things to disrupt your life and the life of others. In most cases people who suffer from bipolar disease do not realize what they are doing during an episode and are off their medication. It makes me think of a guy I work with whose wife suffers from this disorder. She would go off her medication because she felt fine and go missing for a couple of days. There are also the days when she has an episode at home and the police come to the house. The sad part is that there is a young child is involved, so not only is the mood disorder affecting her it is affecting the rest of the family. The good news is that there a good portion of people who have this mood disorder are being treated and are able to live normal lives and hopefully with more technological advances we will be able to combat mood disorders all together and make America a greater society. Research Papers on Diagnosing and Treating Mental DisordersArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)The Effects of Illegal ImmigrationGenetic EngineeringThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsCapital PunishmentThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseWhere Wild and West MeetThree Concepts of PsychodynamicPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males

Exectutive Coaching Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Exectutive Coaching - Essay Example And Terry Larsen wants to turn the bully nature style of management environment into caring and more open cooperate culture which is made up of mutual trust, teamwork, spirit and respect. In the time of Yvette Hyater-Adams and Terry Larsen, they both aimed on these issues and arranged and conducted workshops and training conferences related to diverse cultural, gender discrimination and diversity. The main issues which CoreStates was going through were also the same. There were these inside politics which were eating the environment of organization like termite. So the main issues which a company was going through were culture issues, lack of respect, openness towards diversity, mutual learning, lack of teamwork and trust. Hyater Adams and Terry Larsen though both were from different background believed in same vision and wanted to bring discipline and mentor the people of organization. So they aimed to improve the cultural relation of workers in Corestate. OCCURANCE OF ISSUES: When Hyater Adams joined the Corestate, she being a black woman has always faced hard difficulties. She wanted to apply her broad vision of culture and diversity to the people of Corestate. Being a vice president she had a position to bring and apply her vision which was not an idea leading to personal betterment but to the organization. Tarry Larsen and Hyater Adams

Legal Advice Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Legal Advice - Case Study Example Harvey Carpets Ltd has agreed to provide the financial support to enable the Football Club to build a new stadium. The Football Club is at a loss as to how where to start in proceeding with developing their new stadium and have turned to you for your advice. During your initial meeting with the Football Club you learn that they have very little experience of the building process but are familiar with the basic terminology. The Football Club has a budget in mind for the project and is keen for the new build to make a statement about the bright future the Club seeks to enjoy and to promote strong links with the community and local schools. The Football Club has obtained outline planning permission. i) The range of professional appointments the Trustees could make during both the pre-construction phase and during construction itself. It will be discussed which professionals should be appointed and how the choice is influenced by one's preferred procurement option. ii) The procurement options available for the design and construction of the stadium and details of one's preferred procurement option with supporting reasons for one's expressed preference should be discussed. The following report is written for the benefit of The Football Club with the aim that it can be used as a basis for discussion at their next Board meeting called to decide the future of the project. The Board is directly addressed. To the Trustees of the Board: As your advisor, I suggest that you hire three people immediately. These three people would be an architect, a contractor, and an accountant. The reasons for hiring each of these three people will become quite apparent very quickly. The reason one needs to get a good architect is paramount. A good architect on the project lays the foundation for everything else. "Architectural services should be calculated as part of the project cost, typically just under ten percent of the building budgetArchitects bring a global vision to the very complicated process of building'" ("Working With an Architect," 2010, p. 1). Ideally, one wants to choose an architect for the project who has character. In the same way this architect's character is, so shall your structure be. You want an architect who will be able to see the project through from inception to completion. Therefore, this person is going to have to envision the project as well as bring it to fruition. The architect has to have a good idea in mind of what the finished product is going to look like. Therefore, you must choose an architect who not only can produce physical plans for what a building will look like-but someone who has a vision. By vision, I don't mean that he can see well. By having vision, I mean that this architect should ideally have a good grasp of architectural principles such that he or she knows what makes a striking building, and how that knowledge can best be applied to your particular project. Now, in this instance, I would be

Writing about the cost of Surveillance intervention for TB in india (( Coursework

Writing about the cost of Surveillance intervention for TB in india (( see the instructions to fully understand the paper)) - Coursework Example The cost of ear loop facemasks costs $5-10 for a pack of 50; hence, each person will be allocated two packs and the totalling $20 per person. The cost of facemask with a satellite system and cough samplers is unknown (Voice of America, 2014). Reliable monthly-unlimited corporate Internet, phone services in India cost averages $50 per month (Li & Ninan-Moses, 2010). In addition, writing materials will cost $3 each and over 500 units will be required. Furuno, J. P., Schweizer, M. L., McGregor, J. C., & Perencevich, E. N. (2009). Economics of infection control surveillance technology: Cost-effective or just cost? Am J Infect Control, 36 (3), S12–S17. Hausler, H. P., Sinanovic, E., Kumaranayake, L., Naidoo, P., & Schoeman, H. (2006). Costs of measures to control tuberculosis/HIV in public primary care facilities in Cape Town, South Africa. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 84, 528-536. Li, C., & Ninan-Moses, B. (2010). An International Comparison of Cell Phone Plans and Prices. Retrieved from

Changing social diversity in the United States Essay Example for Free

Changing social diversity in the United States Essay As USA is a land of opportunities, millions of people of different origin have migrated to the country and settled there, thus changing the social and cultural diversity of the nation. Children at the young age face problem as they get exposed to two sets of language and culture at school and home. A massive increase in Hispanic population has increased the importance of Spanish language and more businesses related to Spanish have come up. But this Hispanic population has no difficulty in accepting English as their main language. The uniqueness of the immigration is that everybody wants to get integrated into American mainstream. Changing diversity in USA 3 Changing social diversity in the United States As United States is known as the land of opportunities for many decades, millions of people had migrated to this country since long time. It has been mentioned in the website http://www. sedl. org/pubs/sedletter/v12n02/2. html that the make up of the US population has changed so much over the last three decades that the definition of diversity has itself got transformed in the process. It has also been stated that for the first time in the US census held in 2000, individuals were allowed to tick on more than one race in the form. Due to this change in diversity, cultural and socioeconomic factors are now becoming increasingly important while interacting in the society. The website http://www. naeyc. org/about/positions/pdf/psdiv98. pdf deals with the problem children faces in schools due to increased linguistic and cultural diversities. To quote from the above mentioned website, â€Å"At younger ages, children are negotiating difficult transitions between their home and educational settings, requiring an adaptation to two or more diverse sets of rules, values, expectations, and behaviors. † If the child forgets his home language, it may cause disruption in family communication methods. Thus families are facing increasingly complex responsibilities. The website http://knowledge. allianz. com/en/globalissues/demographic_change/gender_diversity/hispanics_integration_us. html states that there has been a massive growth in Hispanic population in the USA and most of them have accepted English as their main language. But the importance of Spanish is also growing as many newspapers have come up in Spanish and Hispanic related businesses are growing in the United States. Changing diversity in USA Reference List 1) Responding to Linguistic and Cultural Diversity Recommendations for Effective Early Childhood Education; in National Association for the Education of Young Children adopted November 1995; Retrieved on 13th March 2009 from the website http://www.naeyc. org/about/positions/pdf/psdiv98. pdf 2) A Changing Nation: The Impact of Linguistic and Cultural Diversity on Education by Kathleen Trail ; SED letter Volume XII Number 2 December 2000; Retrieved on 13th March 2009 from the website http://www. sedl. org/pubs/sedletter/v12n02/2. html 3) Ethnic Business in a Changing America, Allianz Knowledge Partner site, published on September 11, 2007; Retrieved on 13th March 2009 from the website http://knowledge. allianz. com/en/globalissues/demographic_change/gender_diversity/hispanics_integration_us. html

A Comparison of Shakespeares Sonnet 18 and Duffys Valentine Essay

A Comparison of Shakespeare's Sonnet 18 and Duffy's Valentine Shakespear's attitude towards his lover is she is superior to the summer and very beautiful " Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" This show Shakespeare is thinking about comparing her to the summer but then he gives examples of how she is better than the summer. He says she is lovelier than the summer " Thou art more lovely and more temperate." He then goes on to say "Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May" this means that she is more like a darling bud of May than a rough wind that come in the summer. He also explains, using a metaphor that the summer doesn't stay forever, but she will be beautiful forever " And summer's lease hath all too short a date." Then he says that sometimes the sun is too hot and is hidden by clouds but her beauty is never hidden and she is perfect. "Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines. And often is his gold complexion dimm'd" He then uses a double metaphor to explain that every living this is doomed to die and that nature cannot stop itself from dying ...

Cognitive Development and Language Skills Development :: language and communication

Cognitive Development and Language Skills Development â€Å"Cognitive development underpins all the other aspects of development as children start to explore and make sense of the world around them. It is closely linked to the development of language and communication skills as children interact with the people around them.† There are many theories written on the subjects of cognitive development and language and communication. These theories vary in several ways, but they all seem to make the link between the too subjects. Childcare settings put these theories into practise in a lot of ways, sometimes without even realising it, just through conversation. Cognitive development ===================== Piaget’s theories of cognitive development are that children learn through exploration of their environment. An adult’s role in this is to provide children with appropriate experiences. He said that cognitive development happens in four stages. 1. Sensory – motor  · Babies and young children learn through their senses, activity and interaction with their environment.  · They understand the world in terms of actions. 2. Pre – operations  · Young children learn through their experiences with real objects in their immediate environment.  · They use symbols e.g. words and images to make sense of their world. 3. Concrete operations  · Children continue to learn through their experiences with real objects.  · They access information (using language) to make sense of their immediate and wider environment. 4. Formal operations  · Children and adults learn to make use of abstract thinking. Piaget also believed that children would only learn when they are ready. Children's use of language represents their stage in cognitive development, but he didn’t see language as a ‘central’ to children's development, as cognitive development begins at birth and is required for language development. He also states that children are egocentric – they can’t understand another person’s point of view. Criticisms of Piaget’s work =========================== Margaret Donaldson suggests that Piaget underestimated young

Growing Up Around, During, and After World War Ii

During and After World War II Around and during World War II there were many challenges and many exciting and terrifying events occur. Many things happen such as the Great Depression, Pearl Harbor, C)-day, and Hiroshima. Billie Jean Ramsey-styles grew up during this time. Billie was born in Brownsville, Yankee County, North Carolina on December 30 1930. Her mother was a homemaker; her father was a brick mason.She lived in a five-room house that had electricity but did not have an indoor tearoom. She did household chores like washing laundry and, dishes, making beds, carrying in firewood and cleaning house (Styles). According too U. S. History teacher â€Å"The Great Depression was the period of time in which the stock market crashed, banks failed, and the U. S. Had an economic fallout† (Mueller). It was a point in time when people did not have much of anything and they had to work hard to afford what they did have. Many people could not afford toys for their children. The chi ldren from this time still found things to do such as: play kick the can, hide and eek and, they also cut out people from magazines and used them as paper dolls. The depression also affected school budgets. Schools could not afford sports uniforms or other sports equipment. Me and my cheerleaders team made our uniforms in Home CE. Many people lost their Jobs and had to work at Civilian Conservation Corps Camps. â€Å"The camps were similar to the military. People were in small groups and wore uniforms. They had to work and follow all rules, but in return they got three square meals a day and a Job.The ICC camp in Brownsville worked on the Blue Ridge Parkway' (Styles). According to an article called Invasion of Poland, Fall 1939 â€Å"The beginning of the war, on September 1st 1939 Poland was invaded by Germany. Germany defeated the Polish army within weeks and Britain and France declare war on Germany because Germany invaded Poland. Russia invaded eastern Poland on September 17thà ¢â‚¬  Billie Jean remembers this time Clearly â€Å"me and many other people were worried that Germany and Russia would invade the United States.I may have been worried but she felt safe in the mountains of North Carolina† (Styles). The U. S. Gets involved in the war. â€Å"On December 7th 1941 Pearl Harbor was bombed by the Japanese† (Mueller). â€Å"The Japanese had planned to destroy the Pacific Fleet but failed because, all of the aircraft carriers were away on missions or training† (Pearl). â€Å"Billie remembers what she was doing when she heard the news about Pearl Harbor. She was working a Jigsaw puzzle while her father was on the couch listening to the radio- this was before the television.All of a sudden they heard We interrupt this program for a special announcement. Japan has bombed Pearl Harbor'. Billie and her family were sad for the families whose loved ones were injured or killed in the attack. They were also upset that the U. S. Had been attac ked. They continued to listen to the radio. Eventually, they heard â€Å"The U. S. Is now at war. † Since the U. S. Entered the war the government started to ration sugar and gas† (Billie). â€Å"The rationing of sugar and gas caused a rise in the black marker (Mueller).The Invasion to Normandy, â€Å"D-day, was on June 6 The plan was then to land and invade five beaches off the coast of France† (Mueller). Billie remembers what happened when the invasion was successful â€Å"The invasion was broadcast on the radio. I remember what happened when the invasion was successful. Everybody went to the town square to celebrate. The church bells were ringing, the fire whistle was going off and people were having fun. During this time period many stores shut down on Wednesday afternoons and people would get together and make victory gardens†.When asked what victory gardens were she replied Victory gardens were kitchen gardens planted during wartime to relieve food shortages† (Styles). â€Å"August 6th 1945 an atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima. This signaled the end of the war† (Mueller) Billie and her family were glad the war was over but sorrowful that so many people had to die to end it. They were also cared because such a destructive bomb had been developed (Styles). â€Å"After World War II everyone was rejoicing and relieved that the war was over.People were happy that the soldiers were returning home. Sugar and gas rations stopped; you could buy more at the grocery stores. After the war things died down and returned to normal† (Styles). Growing up around, during, and after World War II was an interesting time. There were many challenges and many exciting events, such as The Great Depression, D-day, Pearl Harbor, and Hiroshima. Billie Jean Styles and other people lived during this era. I chose Billie Jean Ramsey-styles as my interviewee cause she is my great, great grandmother, who is still alive.

A Strategic Plan for Launching BMW 3 Series in USA and UK - Smart Custom Writing Samples

A Strategic Plan for Launching BMW 3 Series in USA and UK - Smart Custom Writing Ford VS ToyotaThe current paper deals with the question of productive flow and product quality of the two biggest and the most famous car producers in the world, Ford and Toyota and in what way improvements in productive flow and product quality lead to an increase in sales and profit of the companies. Both of them are worldwide famous manufacturers of the cars of different sizes and modifications. The main principles of the company are constant quality that is supplied by permanent quality control and improvement of the product line (Hales 2001, p.23). Toyota has been a foremost supplier of pioneering lift trucks for over 40 years already. According to latest data, the company has sold  Ã‚   over 1 million cars to thousands of pleased customers in over 200 countries all over the world. It gained extreme popularity in every country. In every stage of the company’s operation there is a complete devotion to quality and constant improvement of the product flow, as the experts working in the company realize that there two factors can lead to the direct increasing of sales and result in the augmented profits. The dedication to the quality has led to the company’s popularity and recognition all over the world. Toyota is 100% devoted to delivering brilliance from product expansion to after sales service. Product quality and productive flow were put in place from the st art at the Toyota Industrial Equipment Manufacturing capability in Columbus, Indiana. Improvement of a product quality authorize the employees of Toyota company to make quality their first priority and demonstrate devotion of the company commitment to quality in every stage of the production process. Needless to say, that product quality is essential for every company as it is a pledge of successful future. The latest researches of the Toyota activity, conducted in 2009 demonstrated that the company has implemented the innovative techniques for the product quality assurance.   By the quality-improvement program, the company will use the so-called go and see for yourself method to reinforce the ability to carry out technological investigations for every case of supposed malfunction of the product and to follow through with correct actions.   First, in the territory of United States, the company tried to be able to carry out on-site examinations within 24 hours of reported inciden ts by modification its information-gathering capabilities. In addition, the engineers of the company will conduct direct Customer Quality Engineering activities. Moreover, the company is planning to open technical offices in some U.S. towns that will hand out to reinforce the consumer service functions of Toyota local sales companies. Toyota Company is planning to undertake related initiatives in other regions of the world, increasing the functions of its technical offices and opening new ones as essential to maintain a solid, local reply in each region (Liker 2004, p. 24). These innovations in the sphere of quality control that the company managed to carry out during the last five years of its existence in the market have resulted in the increasing of sales and general profit of the company. It is understood that people need qualitative first class products. This is possible to achieve due to the constant improvement and quality control of the manufactured products. The company wil l equip its vehicles with an extended range of functionality for finding out the problems automatically and for recording the mistakes electronically, as well as conducting other tasks. This functionality will be very useful in quickly evaluating technological problems and in punctually taking counteractive measures. The next important issue under consideration of the company Toyota is the productive flaw .The managerial of the company understands that in order to preserve the positions in the market and provide the consumers with the permanent inventions and new products, it should maintain its production flow to avoid the stagnation of the manufacturing (Naughton, Takayama and Sparks 2005, p. 27).   The company tries to keep the production flow active. It leads to constant updating of the company’s model range. As a result, keeping to the stable productive flow and introducing of the productive quality measures lead to the increase of sales and profits of the company, mak ing its production one of the most popular and demanded all over the world. The managerial of Toyota is sure that the more inventory, product quality control and productive flaw they have on hand, the longer their product lead time and the easier it will be for the company to react to the unexpected change in the marketplace. Considering the balance sheet of the company for 2009, it has 18 to 20 % of increased sales and is now the second foremost carmaker in the whole world. The margins of the company are approximately 17%. One of Toyota's main philosophies is the idea of constant improving both in production flaw and in quality of the products (Migliorato 2004, p.40). Employees at company Toyota production facilities are always encouraged to present new suggestions to improve their processes, modernize operations and then demonstrate devotion to the overall quality of its products. Another company under consideration is Ford Corporation. Probably, it is very difficult to find a person who does not know anything about this company. It has quite a long history making it world famous car manufacturer after Toyota and Crysler. Ford has production facilities in 22 countries on five continents in the world; it possesses 87 plants in North America and 41 in Europe. In 1995, in Europe, Ford's joint vehicle market share, at 12.2%, was the highest for the period of eleven years, with three of the eight best-selling vehicles. In 1995, Ford introduced as one of the leading and most popular vehicles in the country. It was one of the five vehicle producers (Banham 2002, p. 45). The company is not organized by geographic regions, and now it is realigned by product range, with five Vehicle Centers, every center is responsible for one group of products all over the world. The Company Ford, unlike Toyota, tries to spend as little time as possible for the development of new produ cts, thus making the process of production flow very quick. Ford is reducing the time needed for development of new vehicle from 48 to 24 months and reducing engines, transmissions, and essential car platforms by 30% all over the world. The company hopes that pooling worldwide skills and resources will lead to more variations on every car platform, increasing the number of cars introduced during the next five years by 50%. It is the essence of the permanent productive flaw of the company. Ford has introduced a variety of new initiatives all over the world, with joint ventures for the assembly of cars in such countries as China, India, Thailand and Vietnam. In China, Ford tries to launch the production of light trucks with a name of a company Jiangling Motors. In India, Mahindra Ford India Ltd. will start producing and distributing of Ford products, starting with the Ford Escort, in mid-1996 and Fiesta in 1998.   Thailand is known as country where Ford has a joint venture to manufa cture pick-up trucks (Ford 2004, p. 56).   Having the subsidiaries in different countries, the company tries to develop its productive flow. The more countries are engaged in the business of vehicles production of the company, the more vivid and permanent the productive flaw is. Needless to say, that such strategy leads to the increase of company’s sales and profits consequently. Probably, this is one of the key reasons of the company’s popularity and success in the market. One more important strategy for the company’s development is production quality and constant quality control. The managerial of the company pays particular attention to the control and testing of the manufactured vehicles. That is why, before entering to the market, the cars are properly tested. Ford is known by its qualified and secure products and such fame is possible to gain only due to constant and reliable job over the problem of product quality. Therefore, it explains high revenues o f the company and increasing of its sales and profits. Company makes huge investments in the development of new ways of quality control and improvement of the quality of produced vehicles. It is understood that in the competitive market of vehicle production quality is essential factor, presupposing company’s success. Managerial of the company should pay attention to these factors to be aware of the latest news in the market and develop the strategies that are necessary for company to be effective. References Banham, R. 2002, The Ford Century: Ford Motor Company and the Innovations that Shaped the World. New York: Artisan, p.43-46Ford, H., 2004, My Life and Work, London: Public Domain Books, p. 50-60Hales C. 2001, Managing Through Organization. 2nd ed. London: Thomson Learning Press   Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition, 2010, p1-1, 1p Liker, J. 2004, The Toyota Way. New York: McGraw-Hill, p. 22-25 Naughton, C., Takayama, H. and Sparks, D. Toyota Triumph. Newsweek (Atlantic Edition), 2005, Vol. 145 Issue 19, p44-49, 6p Migliorato,P. Toyota Retools Japan, Business 2.0, 2004, Vol. 5 Issue 7, p39-41, 3p