Children Do Not Come Into The World With Culture - 1718 Words

Human children do not come into this world with culture. Children must be taught how to fit into society and must be taught these things in a rather timely schedule. However, what happens when children are kept in isolation and are never taught how to fit into society? Feral children, children kept in severe isolation, give sociologists and psychologists a new perspective into the study of socialization (N.A. 2015). If a child does miss the crucial milestones in their social and psychological development, then it will be hard, nearing impossible, to ever actually catch up in their development. Because it is dangerous and harmful to pull someone from society, researchers cannot place a human in absolute social isolation for research purposes due to obvious ethical reasons. That is why, though tragic, cases of social isolation, typically in child abuse, are crucial in the study of socialization and in the nature vs. nurture debate (Macionis, 2008). Socialization is the process of teach ing an individual how to behave, think, and feel in a way that is accepted by a particular group. In all actuality, it is the key to becoming human in the sense of how society pictures humanity. While it is most commonly associated with child-rearing, it can be as simple as teaching an adult to play a new game or someone starting a new job. Socialization is a crucial and continuous process that begins at birth (Persell, 1990). There are many ways to socialize a child, family being the strongestShow MoreRelatedMannheim Theory Of Generation Essay998 Words   |  4 Pagesgeneration is demonstrated through the life stages of the Amish culture. In the Amish culture it is an expectation to get married before having children. Once a married woman falls pregnant it is normal for her family to congratulate the couple with happiness, although the Amish do not have baby showers or gifts as they believe to not focus on one individual but rather the community. The Amish culture do not baptise new born children as they wait until the child is 16 years of age and let them decideRead MoreProfessionalism, Gender, Ethnicity, Or Sexual Preference? Essay1060 Words   |  5 Pagesof professionalism is to be as professional as possible when in the classroom, meeting with colleagues, and talking to parents and guardians. Professionalism to me is also introducing new cultures and holidays to my students only after doing an immense amount of research and consulting with people in those cultures. Professionalism is also understanding the gender roles, sexualities, and families of the students in my classroom. A professional classroom teacher must be open-minded and non-biased towardsRead MoreThe Occidental And Oriental Historical Backgrounds993 Words   |  4 Pagesare the result of the interaction between different cultures. Culture allows human beings to learn how to think by themselves. Culture gives the answers of three questions: Who am I? (E.g. Personnal and collective identity), where do I come from? (E.g. My roots, personnal/family legacy) and Where am I going? (E.g. Future is a mix between what I am now and what I’ve been through). Popular belief does not understand how much people depend on culture as a core of their lives. We can find two differentRead MoreSocialization And Its Effects On Children Essay1184 Words   |  5 PagesThrough history, American families have been based on a household of two parents and children. The father worked while the mother used to stay home, cook, clean and takes care of the children. However, in the last sixty years, American family has experienced dramatic changes, with now a variation of families, different cultures, change in workforce, and many families having the option to have or not have children. Since World War II families have change intensely, woman have slowing shifted into the paidRead MoreMarriage Is The Formal Union Of A Man And A Woman1661 Words   |  7 PagesMarriages in Different Cultures Introduction The official definition of marriage is â€Å" the formal union of a man and a woman, typically recognized by law, by which they become husband and wife.† In the United States, a marriage between man and woman, man and man, and woman and woman is recognizable. It is a union between two people who vow to stay with each other through thick and thin. They have many expectations and hope for the best. In different cultures, marriages are performed in differentRead MoreThe Effects Of Technology On Children s Toys1602 Words   |  7 Pagestechnology in previous year children were forced to use their brains and imagination to play and have fun. With the excessive use of technology in children s toys, children no longer use their imagination or explore options of doing things. Instead they sit and stare at TV and/or a cell phone for hours a day. Modern culture is also affecting childhood due to the exposure children get to inappropriate shows or content. Instead of going out and tryin g something today’s children would rather watch a videoRead MoreJapanese and Indian Cultures1065 Words   |  5 PagesJapanese and Indian Cultures Sample Student ANT 101 November 16, 2009 Japanese and India Cultures All countries in the world are unique and differ greatly from one another. Even though, they have many differences, they still have many things in common. When one thinks of Japan and India, not many similarities come to mind. They may come up with similarities such as, Japan and India are both Asian countries and both haveRead MoreFinding Sharing Land With A Stranger1508 Words   |  7 Pagespeople from different parts of the world come to the United States (from China, Europe, Japan, Korea, Philippines, etc.) either as tourists and or as immigrants. Based on what I have witnessed, those who come as refugees are looking for better opportunities. I have met people who come here at a really young age, or even born here, but their parents are not legal immigrants. Some of those people get a legal status, on a temporary basis, just until their children can be on their own. Although, someRead MoreCulture Is A Way Of Life Shared By People852 Words   |  4 PagesCulture is a way of life shared by people in a society. Culture is exceptional, although it may have other things in common with other cultures. According to American Culture, â€Å"Culture encompasses religion, food, what we wear, how we wear it, our language, marriage, music, what we believe is right or wrong, how we sit at the table, how we greet visitors, how we behave with loved ones, and a million other things, said Cristina De Rossi, an anthropologist at Barnet and Southgate College in LondonRead MoreMulticulturism Just Got Schooled Essay753 Words   |  4 PagesMulticulturism in its truest form involves more than one culture coexisting in solidarity. This idea seems a little too farfetched for the average human, but Americans do all they can do be the most diverse country on the earth. In They’ve got to be Carefully Taught, Susan Brady Konig describes her experience with Multiculturism Month at her daughter’s pre-school. During the entire month, the class emphasized the differences in color and culture between people, which Konig found ridiculous. She commented

The Civil Rights Symposium Dr. Christine Stanley

The Civil Rights Symposium began with the Introductory Remarks from Dr. Christine Stanley. She gave thanks for all of the support that went into making this symposium possible and then she stated that the reason why we are here is because the Civil Rights Act did not resolve all of our racial problems. The first main speaker was Dr. Joe Feagin who talked about inequality fifty years after the Civil Rights Act. He talked about the length and depth of racial discrimination that we still face today and that the racism today is subtle and sneaky, but still very much there. The next event was the first panel of speakers who focused on education. The first member of the panel was Professor Cedric Powell. He stated that we are at the forty year†¦show more content†¦The next event featured a panel about employment. The first member of this panel was Dr. Sharon Collins who did studies on black executives. She found out that diversity demands have become about profitability instead of an obligation to be diverse. The next member of the panel was Dr. Domonic Bearfield who stated that there is a mythology of merit in the public administration department. Departments are trying to look like that town that it serves to get a sense of legitimacy, but this is causing some people to get jobs over other. The last member of the employment panel was Professor Ruben Garcia who stated that Title Seven has a lot of limits to it. These limitations include the fact that discrimination is allowed against those who are not citizens. Since undocumented employment has increased over the years this has allowed for more discrimination. The next event featured the Key Note Speaker of the symposium, Professor Patricia Williams. Professor told a story of wrongful birth and its effects it had on the family and surrounding community. She focused on the Cramblett family and how they dealt with the wrongful birth situation very poorly. Not only does the mother need a therapist and counseli ng, but now her daughter, the child a wrongful birth, does too and this could have serious implications on the child’s future. Professor Williams then went on to talk

Comparision of Genesis with Other Creation Mythologies Essay

Comparison of Genesis with Other Creation Mythologies We all know that our mothers and fathers gave us birth, and grandmothers and grandfathers gave our parents birth. However, what about the beginning? What does the beginning look like? Who created the sky, the earth, the mountains and rivers, the plants, the animals, and the human beings? How was the world created? What happened to the creator? These questions have puzzled and are asked by every people. However, no one has yet found the answers, and I have heard people saying that the creation of life is as impossible as the natural creation of an airplane from a stack of waste. With the willingness of knowing the self, ancient people tried to create mythological stories†¦show more content†¦The only difference is that in this Indian story, not even God (or an equivalent form) was there. Egyptians and Chinese imagined the same scene, the Nun and the chaotic egg with a giant (Egyptian, Lin 1). In contrast with the creation out of nothing, the indigenous Australian mythology tells us that the stars, the sky, the sun, the moon, and the ancestors of all lives were already present in the beginning, but they are sleeping under the crust of the earth in the water holes (Aborigine). Seneca people believed that humans were living in the heaven originally, and there were only ocean and ocean living lives on the earth (Creation). It is very interesting to recognize how important water is to lives. Every account of creation that I have read included water before anything else was present. Whatever was present in the beginning had managed to create all the rest, and the description of creators are of three categories, a single creator, multi-creators, and no creator. In Genesis, God is the single creator, and so is Brahman of India. The difference is that the God is immortal, but Brahman is mortal (Genesis, Genesis Project). In Chinese mythology, Pan Gu was the creator of everything but men, who were created by Nu Wa, a goddess (Lin 1-5). Other examples of multi-creators are in the mythology of Egypt and Seneca in which the children of the creator became

Research Paper Animal Experimentation - 2167 Words

Animal Experimentation i Should Animal Experimentation Be Abandon? Veronica Liang ESL 408C Marcia Rauch November 18, 2011 Animal Experimentation ii Research Paper Outline Title: Should Animal Experimentation be Abandon? I Introduction Thesis Statement: Animal testing is a debatable issue in modern society. Some people argue that animal testing should be kept due to medical benefits and research study conveniences. However, I think animal experimentation should be banned by refuting supporters’ arguments. II Body A. Opposing argument 1 Animal experimentations are conducted for human health. Rebuttal to this argument: Animal testing can cause serious problems regarding to human health. a. The results of†¦show more content†¦These actions seem to be reasonable. However, there are also plenty of problems of animal experimentation associated with human health are ignored by supporters. The results of animal testing are often inconclusive and cannot be accurately applied to human. â€Å"Many of the drugs approved through animal experimentation have proven dangerous to humans† (Thomas, 2008, para.3). The inner structure of human body is quite different from animals’. In fact, animal experimentation results cannot predict many common life threatening side effects of new products like drugs and cosmetics. Animal testing could be the reason that many so called â€Å"safety products† drugs which work perfectly on animals would cause so many dangerous side effects on human body. More seriously, it is possible for humans to suffer from allergic Animal Experimentation 3 reactions, some blood disorders, skin lesions and many central nervous system effects that cannot be demonstrated by animal models (Singer, 2006). Most medications are derived from one big contradiction: Our government demands that we test all medications on animals prior to continuing to human trials, and it admits that applying animal data to humans is a leap of faith. However, animal drug testing cannot guarantee all the medications would apply to humans. Still,Show MoreRelatedShould Animals Be Used For Scientific Experiments?1189 Words   |  5 Pagesjustifying the use of animals for scientific research to benefit man, to giving them the right to live life alongside man? This brings up the debate: should animals be used in scientific experiments (â€Å"†¦procedures performed on living animals for purposes of research into basic biology and diseases, assessing the effectiveness of..† Humane Society International)? This debate has been going on for centuries, and still very prevalent in today’s society. Especially with the rise of animal activist groups suchRead MoreAnimal Testing For The Sole Benefit Of H umans979 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen a debate regarding the use of animals in medical testing for the sole benefit of humans. Many people believe that testing on nonhuman animals solve the many issues that humans face, but most of the time animals are exploited and put through painful experimental processes. The purpose of this paper is to examine the possible alternatives to animal testing and the evaluate whether there is a reduction in animals being used for experiments. The author of this paper will examine four journal articlesRead MoreEssay about The Good, the Bad and Ugly of Animal Experimentation1197 Words   |  5 PagesStudent Name Exploratory Paper Professor English 26 March 2012 The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of Animal Experimentation Animal experimentation plays an important role in today’s medical and pharmaceutical advances, but many question the morality of such a use of animal life. Whether one argues that testing different products and drugs on animals is necessary or not, this has become an integral part of developing products. From that Tylenol we pop to get rid of our headache to that perfectRead MoreEssay about The Necessities of Animal Experimentation1273 Words   |  6 PagesThe Necessities of Animal Experimentation Throughout my paper, I felt as though I was able to give a solid and fair representation of the opposing viewpoint on issue of animal testing. However, it was challenging because I strongly oppose animal testing. The rhetorical analysis played a role in this, because I was required to use the various rhetorical appeals to compose a strong argument. Using the appeals definitely helped in trying to persuade the reader to acknowledge the opposingRead MoreAll Animals Are Equal Essay1744 Words   |  7 Pagesoccur each day on the issues of animal cruelty and human rights, but when the issues are put together which will reign over the other? The author Peter Singer of â€Å"All Animals are Equal† and â€Å"Tools for Research† presents his argument for determining when animal experiments are justified. The author starts his paper with a counter argument, questioning if one would be willing to let thousands of people die if those people could be saved by experimentation on a single animal. The answer is a unanimous no;Read MoreEssay about The Ethics and Limitations of Animal Research 1550 Words   |  7 Pages The moral status of animals is an issue of much debate in Science. According to The Royal Society, the oldest scientific academy nowadays, it would have been impossible for science and medicine to develop so without animal research (â€Å"The Use of Non-Human Animals in Research†, 2004). Nevertheless, do the human medical benefits really justify the animal suffering in animal research? If so, what should are the possible considerations and limitations related to the matter? It appears to be a challengeRead MoreThe Food And Drug Administration1142 Words   |  5 Pageslaws on animal experimentation need to be reviewed. This is a topic that has been given a lot of attention for the past decade. Everyday, hundreds of news articles are written arguing about whether or not animal experimentation should be stopped. Many of these articles reveal the pain and suffering animals being used for testing go through to the point of death. I strongly believe that the laws that allow these experiments to occur need to be regulated. I hope that by the end of this paper, you andRead MoreAnimal Experimentation Should Be Banned1426 Words   |  6 Pagesjudged by the way its animals are treated.† - Mahatma Gandhi. These famous words still ring true in today’s society as we struggle to overcome the scientific experimentation on animals. Animals have acted as the archstone of human civilization since the dawn of man, from a source of food, to companionship. However, in the past century, we have been blurring the line between environmental entitlement and environmental rape. Every member of the human race interacts and depends on animals, and we owe themRead MoreAnimal Experimentation And Animal Testing1261 Words   |  6 Pagesand against animal experimentation. The report begins with an introduction briefly outlining what animal experimentation refers to, introducing the three perspectives and highlighting the intention behind this investigation. The report then explores the positive and negative medical aspect of animal experimentation stating that it has resulted in vital vaccines benefitting both humans and animals, but also accepting it is not always reliable. The advantages and disadvantages of animal testing onRead MoreHello1309 Words   |  6 PagesMorality of Animal Testing in Cosmetic Companies Preface The ethical treatment of animal testing is a controversial topic in the field of zoology. Different aspects on animal testing range from positivity to negativity. Animals such as dogs and rats are used for experimental trials because they have been found to have psychological and genetic correlations that relate to humans. Although the benefits and improvements to modern medicine made it possible to ban animal experimentation completely,

An Evening of Music free essay sample

An evening of music On November 27, 2012 a live performance has occurred in school at 8:00 pm, lots of brave talented students and major associates have the courage to perform live in from of the audience and show their magnificent talent of playing their Instruments and singing. They were only a total of nine performers in stage: the first performer name Syria Rodgers and he sang an old classical musical In the early asss called ;cant take My Eyes Off of You by Bob Crew and Bob Caudal.The thing that wasnt testifying about Syria Rodgers Is that every time he starts singing or Just about to go for the chorus he sings very low and It was very hard to understand, but throughout the whole song it was very good. Second singer that performed was a Music Education Major name Ned Ebbs Jar. , and he was a vocalist/plants and right before he sang, he spoke to the audience and used humor to calm himself down and to ease the tension down In the audience because he dedicated to all the single lad les singing a song he wrote called Give to Me. We will write a custom essay sample on An Evening of Music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The third one to approach on stage was very talented student name Tracy Calling; flirts, she talked about the plot of the hole song before she started. A quick description, she looked very nervous at first, she was breathing very heavily on stage and also sounded nervous as well. In the end she mange to overcome the nervousness and made a sound of tranquility from a famous song she sang called Lying There by Jonathan Larson. Next, performers newer Gilles Uric as the vocalist and Oozy Martial as the guitarist and the song they played was called Maligned and its a Spanish folk song.Its amazing to sing a Eng that is very cultural, especially its from another language. This next piece really inspired me the most showing true passion and the old modern type of music, a major instructor name Ben Lowe sings a song called O! Du Mien Holder Bantered by the famous composer Richard Wagner. This inspired me because this type of music would never go away and it shows a dominant perspective on the singer when the song is in German. Introducing the next person a classical Jazz player name Charles Baxter who played the saxophone and a dedication f rom one of the Jazz layer in the hit classic T. V. Show The Bill Cubby Show Mr.. Grover Washington Jar. He told the audience a quick story about Grover Washington that he died from a horrible heart attack outside the studio of CBS. Charles Baxter did a Gig in the LAX a contribute of his death. In ending the performance they did two Chamber Singers act. The first one was called Musical, Del Don Opting by SCUDS Chamber Singers; an Italian piece meaning exotic music of god based on the wonderful creatures, nature, and life. The second piece they sang was Elijah Rock by Moses Hogan, and this song was based on the devil on his defeat of all mankind.All students and major Instructor were all please to perform and share their talents to the audience. Ay Psychoanalytic from of the audience and show their magnificent talent of playing their instruments name Stray Rodgers and he sang an old classical musical in the early asss called Cant take My Eyes Off of You by Bob Crew and Bob Studio. The thing that wasnt satisfying about Stray Rodgers is that every time he starts singing or Just about to go or the chorus he sings very low and it was very hard to understand, but throughout Education Major name Ned Ebbs Jar. And he was a vocalist/pianist and right before he the tension down in the audience because he dedicated to all the single ladies ve ry talented student name Tracy Calling; first, she talked about the plot of the Newer Gilles Uric as the vocalist and Oozy Martial as the guitarist and the song act.

Critical Analysis of Project Management Plan

Question: Discuss about the Critical Analysis of Project Management Plan. Answer: Introduction The project report is prepared to perform the critical analysis of the chosen project management plan, using an example of a case study. For the critical analysis, Green ICT Project has been selected for the critical analysis. The project management plan for the Green ICT Project includes a detailed plan that covers multiple tasks and elements of the investigation and record of the data on the CO2e or Carbon Dioxide Footprint, at specific location, Australian National University. The project plan also includes identification of the ways to reduce the footprints of the carbon of ICT in the ANU. It involves collaborative tasks with stakeholders or identification of the trends of the industry to adopt Green IT Practices and evaluation of efficient technologies towards reducing and minimizing the ICT impact on the environment. The report is structured with a background of the project, where it has come from and what it comprises of. In the same section, the project context is also defined. The details of the sponsor or owner of the project are described in terms of what it does and many related things. Later, the audience of the project is explored and presented in the following section that include the details of what can they know, how they can use and what else information is needed for them. Alternatives to the structure of the PMP are then discussed. The context of the PMP is discussed. Finally, conclusion is added, followed by the references. Appendix is added at the end, for an actual project. Project Background In the project background section, the basic and primary details of the project are presented, such as the basis and motivation of the project and the objectives defined for the project. Every domestic and working place emits some part of the pollution or the greenhouse gases, in the form of CO2e or carbon dioxide footprint. The project is all about investing and exploring what is the greenhouse gas emitted by the Australia National University and also includes the solution to reduce the carbon emission. The sponsor organization is the Australia National University, which imparts knowledge to the aspiring students. The project is done to explore, how the educational institutions and workplaces share the part of the emission of the greenhouse gases. The university is located in Australia. The project involves investigation of content of CO2e emission, identifying and exploring various ways to reduce the carbon footprint, especially from ICT (Information and Communication Technology) in the ANU. And industry trends are discussed to adopt the practices of the green IT to evaluate the efficient technology to reduce the impact of emission. The good initiative also explores the possible government incentives that are available to strengthen the green IT initiative. The initiative also includes bringing increasing awareness about the Green ICT among the stakeholders. The target and objective set is measurable to 10% reduction of emission by specific duration. The overall project gives clear details of how the project of reducing the greenhouse gases can be initiated and implemented by the educational institutions and Universities sponsor the project and how it is made possible. The project also gives the details and statistics of the base and background details. PMP Audience and Structure This section is written for identifying and describing the audience for the project, like who get benefited from this project, by basic learning and the structure of the project is also detailed of how the structure of the Green ICT Project is discussed of how all the project management plan data is made available. The project management plan is an approved and formal document that is developed and used for guiding the execution of the project and control. It includes the assumptions and decisions in the document planning. The plan facilitates formal communication established among the stakeholders of the project, cost, schedule baselines and scope. Usually, the plan includes all the elements of the project either briefly summarised or detailed. A complete project management plan can make the job of the project manager in executing the tasks related to the project, even though variations occur during the implementation. Eventually, the audience for this report of project management plan is the project managers. The project manager does not need to be confined to the projects related to the information technology or other industries. Even a new University student, who has the intention and objective of earning the Graduation certificate, can be a project manager, as the cortication involves many tasks, of taking the syllabus, gathering the resources, listening to the lectures, understanding and presenting the reports and finally giving the examinations or assessment can very well be a project manager. In a nutshell, any event that has multiple tasks come under the project management and the event manager becomes the project manager. A project manager needs to know and explore many things associated with the project and relevant subject knowledge can always be an added advantage. They have the entire responsibility and accountability to the final objective of the project that includes majorly planning, procurement and execution of the project, especially, in the engineering domain. Since the project managers are SPOC (Single Point of Contact) or first point of contact, for the concerns, issues, complements or anything regarding to the project, they should be aware of the entire plan, the current tasks, future tasks, all discrepancies to the project, before the issues are escalated to the higher management or authorities. Since an individual cannot perform all the tasks, the project involves usually, multiple team members and the management of the tasks as well as the team members become the responsibility of the project managers. The manager should strive the best to directly participate in the tasks and activiti es, intensify with the mutual tasks and interaction with multiple parties, in the ways that reduce the overall failure risk, minimizing the costs and maximizing the benefits. To perform all the tasks related to the project, the project manager has to have and make an effective project plan. The project plan is used by the day to day reference and logical sequence of the tasks of the project. The project management plan is well defined and built by the project manager, along with the organization of the project. The project management plan is well defined by the project manager and majorly done long before initiating the project, as it becomes the reference for getting the approval from the higher authorities or the sponsor of the project. Elements of PMP This section covers the basic elements of the general project management plan, by considering various project management methodologies, such as PMBOK and PRINCE2, Agile, etc. The general framework that includes all the elements is covered and the best alternatives in the industry. Project management plan is a macro level planning that includes all associated tasks, without leaving a single one task. Since, a project implementation is usually dependent on many of the disciplines and professions to complete and bring a shape to the objectives. For formal project management plan to be complete, an industry standard is to be followed, such as PRINCE 2, PMBOK, etc. At macro level, the plan should describe project execution, management Control. This content is usually provided by other document reference, like, construction plan, procurement plan or it can be even a detailed project plan itself. The project Management Plan usually includes the topics in the execution system of the project and that cover the main aspects, as the following. Scope management Schedule management Quality management Procurement management Risk management Project change management Requirements management Financial management Resource management Communication management Stakeholders management It is always a good practice to cover all the above management aspects, especially, for larger professional and consulting project management firms, as it becomes the basis or formally agreed version for the approval during earlier project stages and later applied during the throughout life of the project. Project Management Plan - Alternatives Project management plan is the plan that can be defined and built uniquely by the project managers, based on their expertise and experience. However, the experience and expertise of the specialized project management professionals and bodies have defined certain theories and models for the design and building the plan. There are many more theories and models built with the project management plan. One of the models that is almost universally accepted model is designed by the PMBOK (Project Manager Body Of Knowledge) and there are many other models existing are PRINCE, AGILE, Waterfall Model, etc. As discussed above there are many bodies, which have designed and modelled many of the theories and structures for the project management plan. There are numerous alternate theories and models developed for the reference for the project managers. However, let us consider only the widely accepted and used models and theories. PMBOK Project Management Body of Knowledge is a widely and globally accepted standard guidance and terminology as a body of knowledge in the domain of project management, developed by PMI (Project Management Institute). It considers the works to be accomplished by means of processes. This approach is consistently used with CMMI of software engineering institute, ISO 9000 and other management standards. Processes interact and overlap in various phases and throughout the project. Usually, the processes are detailed with three terms: Input Techniques and tools Outputs The PMBOK includes 47 processes and all of them are categorized and covered under basic five groups of processes and 10 knowledge areas. Process Groups Initiating Planning Executing Monitoring and Controlling Closing Knowledge Areas Project Integration Management Project Time Management Project Scope Management Project Cost Management Project Human Resource Management Project Procurement Management Project Communications Management Project Stakeholders Management Project Risk Management Project Quality Management As each industry is unique in planning and implementing the projects, the PMBOK shows the extensions as the following. Construction Extension Software Extension Government Extension Prince Another theory and model that is existing is the PRINCE (Projects in Controlled Environments) has the following structure of the project management plan. SU - Starting up a Project IP Initiating a Project DU Directing a Project CU Controlling a Project MP Managing Product Delivery SB Managing Stage Boundaries CP Closing a Project When the patterns of these models and theories are observed, it is evident that all the processes or diversified tasks are logically sequenced based on the pre-requisites. Critical Analysis of PMP This section presents the critical analysis of the project considered as an example, The ICT Green Project and later, the most widely used project management methodology is addressed along with all its PMP elements. Though there are numerous theoretical frameworks designed and developed by many of the organizations and bodies, let us consider the widely or universally accepted standard, PMBOK for the purpose of the critical analysis. The ICT Green Project does address the basic plan elements in a very detailed ways along with the necessary tools, tables and figures needed. It does a very clear idea about what the project is about and what all the processes and tasks involved along with the associated elements in the project. The structure of the plan is crystal clear of what is done and how is done. As there is always scope and room for betterment and so this project management plan. As the project does not clearly specify the cost of the project and its necessary elements involved in it, financial or cost management is necessary. The report also does not include detailed change management and requirement management, unless some part of is covered in the procurement management plan. However, the overall structure is good enough to give close to complete understanding of the project and project elements. PMBOK addresses all the sections involved in the project management plan, in basically ten knowledge areas. Project Integration Management It includes all the activities and processes required for defining, identifying, unifying, combining and coordinating several processes and activities related to the project management within the process groups of the project management. Project Scope Management The scope management includes all the processes required for ensuring of what the project includes for only the works required and all the work required for successful completion of the project. Project Quality Management The quality management is considerably a complex managerial task as it includes all the activities and processes to determine policies, based on the quality standards of the organizations and also to perform those pre-defined qualities, responsibilities and objectives. It is complex managerial task, however, it ensures not only achievement of the objects, in terms of quantity, but also achievements to be followed and fulfilled by the standards of the quality defined by the organization. So, it ensures quality product. Project Time Management It includes all the processes needed for managing and completing the tasks timely within the project. It is also termed as a schedule management, because schedule is developed and maintained from the schedule management. It is one of the key components of the project management as it becomes the reference to the success of the project, along with the budget and scope of the project. When the schedule is well managed, the project is expected to be completed and object is achieved within the time frame or time limit, specified for the project. Project Human Resource Management Human resource management is a key process and key knowledge area for any project to be implemented. in simple terms, when the human resources are managed effectively and potentially, all the tasks associated to them will be achieved within the time frame and satisfying all the standards set to them. Managing human resources is a key knowledge area, as it can define and determine the overall success and quality product of the project. Project Procurement Management Procurement management includes all the processes and tasks that are necessary to acquire the services, products, purchases or results expected from the team external to the project. This knowledge area includes many processes like, procurement planning, solicitation, solicitation, contact administration, source selection and contract closeout. It is a critical knowledge area for the project manager, as the manager has to deal with many of the stakeholders, external to the organization, but play a fair role in the success of the project. Project Communications Management Communication is the blood of any relationship and the relationships are quite important and significant to be maintained as the human sources play the roles to perform the tasks and activities. In order to perform these tasks and activities communication becomes a vital tool and process. so, the communication management in the project management plan includes various processes that are performed to ensure appropriate and timely planning collection distribution, creation, retrieval, storage, control, monitoring, management and ultimately, information disposition for the project. Without the communication, there are not tasks and activities do not move even an inch. At the same time, an effective communication can enable to deliver quality outputs or products at the end of each and every task. Project Stakeholders Management Though stakeholder management looks to be similar to the human resource management, it is different in many aspects. For example, human resources have common objective, similar to the objective of the organization. However it may not be with the stakeholders, as the stakeholders are from both internal and external to the organization and each of the stakeholder has certain needs, values and expectations from the project. Bringing all the stakeholders at a common ground, neutralizing all their needs and values, would need enormous and potential people management skills to the project manager. Once the stakeholder management is performed successfully and potentially, there would be lesser number of risks and issues associated with the project. Stakeholder management includes the processes that are needed to identify all the stakeholders within or external to the organizations, which get impact by the project and also the processes that analyse the expectations of the stakeholders, project impact, developing the appropriate strategies of management to engage the stakeholders effectively in the project towards making decisions and execution of the project. Project Risk Management Risk management is recently developed managerial task that included in the project management plan. Risk management plan is necessary for all kinds of projects, starting from the small scale to large scale. Though the risk management does not prevent the risks to the project, they make the project manager and project team to be prepared with all the mitigation plans and contingency plans to apply immediately, without any delays. It includes various processes, like conducting risk identification, risk response planning, risk management planning and controlling on risks possibly occurred for the project. Project Cost Management It is another key management aspect for the project management plan, apart from the scope and time of the project, which determine the success of the project. Usually, it is less focussed and considered as a secondary managerial aspect by the project manager, it is not the situation or condition as such. Cost management is vital to keep the project and complete within the budget set before the initiation of the project, without deviation of the quality. All these ten knowledge areas consist of the processes that have to be achieved and accomplished within the standard disciplines to achieve the final product of the project management. All the processes covered in these knowledge areas become the part of the PMBOKs five process groups. All these processes can create a structure of the matrix relating one process group and one knowledge area. Conclusions From the project management plan theories and models, it can be perceived that the project management plan becomes complete, only when all the aspects and all the key disciplines associated with the project are well covered. The plan ideally, should be performed both in macro level and micro level. And the plan should be developed with the begin with the end in mind as well as the journey and requisites for the tasks. A complete template has to be considered and each of the elements in the template has to be taken and should be customized to develop the project management plan. Customization is to be done effectively, as it would be close to impossible to develop a project management plan that would be compatible for all sized and all industries in all the disciplines. The way the project is customized depends on the primary objective and final product of the project. The Green ICT project is considered as an example for reference that gives basic understanding of what is the domain and what is the industry that the project sponsors and the project objective belongs to. The theory and model observed and discussed in the topic is the PMBOK and its knowledge areas and processes. The PMBOK project management plan model includes all the processes necessary to develop the project management plan. The model is strengthen in terms of inclusion of all the areas of knowledge and processes, however suffers from the weakness that the project time management is ineffective compared to the other models. Recommendations This section covers the basic elements covered in The ICT Green Project and elements that have missed are addressed and recommended to add. The ICT Green Project has been reported with wider project management elements covered. It covers project integration management, where the idea conception and motivation are addressed. Schedule management is also clearly presented with the tool, Gantt chart. It included scope management, human resource management, communication management and procurement management widely. However, the plan needs to include stakeholder management, detailed financial management and change management majorly, which are also important parts of the analysis. The project management plan developed and proposed by the PMBOK is quite compatible for many of the diverse projects globally, as it includes wider and most of the knowledge areas and also relative processes that can be applicable to wide range of unique projects. The model can be effective and more scientific and when adapted, it is expected to make the plan close to complete. However, considering all the areas of knowledge and all the processes would be a lengthier and a bit tedious process. However, it is still easier than exploring all the tasks and knowledge areas from scratch and it is considered as a professional and scientific approach that can be best utilized by the project managers. There is a weakness associated with the time management knowledge area of PMBOK and it is recommended to consider another project management plan approach, by either PRINCE or Agile to make it completely effective, as time management or schedule management is a key factor in the success of the project, in terms of optimizing the time, which is a very important resource that can minimize the expenditure of the other resources. 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